[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-638983-105":59,"doc-detail-638983-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","apmv2-chapter-4-safety","APMv2 - Chapter 4 - Safety","","Chapter 4 Safety establishes the purpose and overview for applying safety analysis procedures in specific transportation planning and project development contexts. It explains the proactive goal of reducing fatal and serious injury crashes, introduces the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) as a technical foundation, and outlines major HSM approaches such as screening and predictive methods. The chapter also specifies statewide crash rate references and how to use intersection crash rates and percentile benchmarks for further flagging and analysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/apmv2-chapter-4-safety/638983/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/apmv2-chapter-4-safety/638983.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"AfterMidnight","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the primary goal of the safety analysis in this chapter?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The chapter’s primary goal is to promote a proactive approach to reducing the frequency of fatal and serious injury (Injury-A) crashes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the chapter position the Highway Safety Manual (HSM)?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The first edition of the HSM provides the technical foundation for procedures discussed, while this chapter does not replicate all HSM guidance and encourages direct consultation when needed.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do HSM screening tools and predictive methods help agencies do?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Screening tools objectively evaluate historical crash data and help identify high-potential locations and effective countermeasures. The HSM Predictive Method estimates crash frequency and severity using traffic, roadway, and roadside characteristics, supporting scenario forecasting and design alternative impact analysis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},638983,1792965272,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090896061,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","4 SAFETY  \n4.1  Purpose and Overview  \nThe purpose of this document is to provide guidance on safety analysis procedures for specific transportation planning and project development applications with a safety component. All planning and project development efforts need to be individually scoped as there are a number of different tools and techniques that can be applied. APM Section 4.1.2 identifies the recommended safety analysis procedures for common planning and project development applications.  \nThe primary goal of any safety analysis presented in this chapter is to promote a proactive approach to reducing the frequency of fatal and serious injury (Injury-A) crashes. This is consistent with the Oregon Transportation Plan (OTP) that states “it is the policy of the State of Oregon to continually improve the safety and security of all modes and transportation facilities for system users including operators, passengers, pedestrians, recipients of goods and services, and property owners.” The Oregon Transportation Safety Action Plan implements the OTP policy.  \nThe first edition of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides the technical foundation for many of the procedures discussed in this chapter. However, this chapter does not replicate the entire guidance ofthe HSM, and the reader is encouraged to consult the HSM directly where appropriate. The HSM is published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) with support from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Highway Safety Performance Committee (ANB25) .  \nThe HSM is a national guide—and the first of its kind—providing science-based methods, procedures, and measures that integrate quantitative estimates of crash frequency and severity into roadway planning, evaluation, and project development. Prior to the HSM, crash analysis for planning and project development was typically limited to simple evaluations of crash data and somewhat subjective analysis. Evaluations of future safety performance were primarily limited to meeting design standards, with few options for comparing alternatives. In contrast, the tools in the HSM allow safety to become a meaningful performance measure that can be implemented at any stage of the transportation decision-making process.  \nHSM methodologies are provided to assist agencies in their effort to integrate safety into their decision-making processes but are not intended to be a substitute for the exercise of sound engineering judgment. No standard of conduct or any duty toward the public or any person shall be created or imposed by the publication and use or nonuse of the HSM. The HSM does not supersede publications such as the MUTCD, the AASHTO Green Book, or other AASHTO and agency guidelines, manuals and policies.  \nAs stated in the HSM, it is neither intended to be, nor does it establish, a legal standard of care for users or professionals.  \nHSM screening tools provide a robust methodology for objectively evaluating historical crash data based on frequency, severity, collision type, and other crash characteristics. The screening tools identify locations with the highest potential for reducing the frequency and severity of crashes and, by identifying factors contributing to the crashes, help choose effective potential countermeasures. Screening tools are discussed in APM Section 4.3.  \nThe HSM Predictive Method is the first comprehensive model for estimating the frequency and severity of crashes based on traffic, roadway, and roadside characteristics. Predictive analysis can be applied to quantify the safety impact of design alternatives and forecast scenarios, using the understandable language of crash frequency and severity. Predictive analysis can also be applied in conjunction with historical data analysis to overcome statistical limitations inherent in historical data analysis. Predictive tools are","cbCairX6SwoTRwth","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairX6SwoTRwth","pdf",6509285,141,"English","# 4 Safety\n## 4.1 Purpose and Overview\n## 4.1.1 Statewide Crash Rate References","[{\"question\":\"What is the primary goal of the safety analysis in this chapter?\",\"answer\":\"The chapter’s primary goal is to promote a proactive approach to reducing the frequency of fatal and serious injury (Injury-A) crashes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter position the Highway Safety Manual (HSM)?\",\"answer\":\"The first edition of the HSM provides the technical foundation for procedures discussed, while this chapter does not replicate all HSM guidance and encourages direct consultation when needed.\"},{\"question\":\"What do HSM screening tools and predictive methods help agencies do?\",\"answer\":\"Screening tools objectively evaluate historical crash data and help identify high-potential locations and effective countermeasures. The HSM Predictive Method estimates crash frequency and severity using traffic, roadway, and roadside characteristics, supporting scenario forecasting and design alternative impact analysis.\"}]","APMv2 - Chapter 4 - Safety | PDF",1792700808,355]