[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-135646-en":3,"doc-seo-135646-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},135646,962084925636,"Sophia Brooks","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",2,"Literature","Apes of the Imagination - Bibliography","Apes of the Imagination presents a curated bibliography of works that explore apes and monkeys across literature and medieval to early modern visual culture. The text organizes primary sources chronologically, linking Aesop’s fables and later reinterpretations to medieval bestiaries’ symbolic readings and to art objects that portray ape-like human behavior. It traces how “Monkey” traditions develop through major retellings of Xiyou ji, shaping satire, folklore, and performance while reflecting shifting ideas about the boundary between human and animal.","Apes of the Imagination: A Bibliography By Marion Copeland  \nPrimary Sources Arranged by date  \nAesop’s Fables  \nNicholas Howe includes fables among “other troubling works that cross adult distinctions between the comforting and the frightening, between the human and the animal\"--works like Swift's Gulliver's Travels and Self's Great Apes (645-646) . \"The fable as a form explores those regions where human and animal overlap\" (648) . Indeed, Aesop is said to have been an animal. Probably a baboon, granted speech by Isis and art by the Muses because of an act of kindness he had displayed (Howe 649) . A number of the fables, like“The Apes and the Two Travellers,” feature Apes (Chapter 200, Russell Ash Aesop’s Fables: 210) . Unfortunately the point of this particular fable seems to be that the Ape would prefer to be taken as a pseudo-human than as “’a most excellent ape’”  \n([http://www.literaturepage.com/read/aesopsfables-210.html](http://www.literaturepage.com/read/aesopsfables-210.html))  \n12th century, English--Worshop Bestiary, fol. 19v (Morgan Library, New York)\"…among the jungle animals in the bestiaries is the ape or monkey. The Worshop Bestiary depicts a mother ape who is attacked by an archer as she carries her babies, one blue and the other green. The bestiaries explain that ifa monkey gives birth to twins, she strongly prefers one over the other. If she is pursued, she holds the one she loves in her arms while the one she detests clings to her back. But when she becomes too tired to run on only her back legs, she must abandon the one she loves and is left carrying the one she hates.  \n“The bestiaries note that the monkey has no tail (cauda)--an observation that is explained symbolically rather than scientifically: the devil resembles the monkey in that he has no scripture (caudex, i.e., codex), and thus the ape/monkey symbolizes base forces, the devil in disguise. The much maligned animal appears in medieval art as a symbol of sin, malice, cunning, and lust”(Benton 89-90) .  \n12th century (See 1994, Salisbury) c. 1425-50 (French, Burgandy) Monkey Breaker. Silver, gilt, painted enamel. Cloister Collection, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.  \n“An allied view of monkeys--thirty-five of them, to be exact--is seen on the celebrated breaker at the Cloisters. On the outside of the breaker, they [Barbary apes] rob a peddler as he sleeps, taking his clothes and other possessions, and play in the trees. On the inside they act as hunters and even use hunting hounds as they chase a stag. The medieval artist has portrayed with exaggeration the monkeys’ ability to ‘ape’ man’s behavior”(Benton 90) .  \n1591 Edmond Spenser. Prosopopoia: or, Mother Hubbard’s Tale.  \n1596 (China) Wu Ch’eng-en, Xiyou ji or Record of a Journey to the West, partially translated as Monkey by Arthur Waley (1942, republished 1989); trans Anthony C. Yu.  \nThe Journey to the West. 4 vols. U of Chicago p, 1977; trans W. J. F. Jenner. The Journey to the West. 4 vols. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 1982; David Kherdian, trans and adapter. Monkey, A Journey to the West. Boston & London: Shambhala, 1992 (Based on the two 4 vol. translations and illustrated with woodblocks by the Japanese Hokusai and others first gathered for a 1833 Japanese retelling; another colorfully illustrated version is the translation of Pan Cai Ying, Monkey Creates Havoc in Heaven, trans. by Ye Pin Kuei and rev. by Jill Morris. China: Liaoning Fine Arts Publishing/ Viking Kestrel, 1987. Another version, called The Monkey King, by Ji-li Jiang with illustrations by Hui Hui Su-Kennedy was serialized in local Massachusetts newspapers in Spring 2001 as part of the Massachusetts Newspaper in Education program) .  \nIts 100 chapters fall into three sections, the first dealing with the birth of Monkey from a stone egg and his acquisition of the magic powers that he later puts to use to aid the monk Tripitaka on his journey to India to bring the sacred scrolls of Buddhism to China. It provide","cbCailLOdvUkfGfx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailLOdvUkfGfx","pdf",1115938,1,96,"English","en",105,"# Primary Sources Arranged by Date\n## Aesop and Fable Traditions\n## Medieval Bestiaries and Symbolic Monkeys\n## Early Modern Works: Spenser, Shakespeare, and Variants\n## The Journey to the West and Later Adaptations","[{\"question\":\"What is the organizing principle of the bibliography in the document?\",\"answer\":\"The bibliography arranges primary sources by date, moving through different periods and representative works that feature apes or monkeys.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document relate apes to the human/animal boundary?\",\"answer\":\"It frames apes and monkeys as figures that overlap with human traits, using fable, symbolism in bestiaries, and later narratives to explore that blurred distinction.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major narrative tradition receives extensive coverage?\",\"answer\":\"The document gives detailed treatment to Journey to the West, including its chapter structure, themes, and multiple translated or adapted versions.\"}]","Apes of the Imagination - 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