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Question 1 uses a passage about the Tanzimat and Ottoman attitudes toward European science to test identification of relevant developments and argumentative reasoning. Question 2 uses an excerpt condemning Buddhism to assess claims, perspective influence, and wider Asian cultural transmission. Questions 3 and 4 focus on technology, religion, exploration, global economic growth, state responses to crises, and shifting power balance from 1450–1990.","2023  \nAP® World History: Modern  \nFree-Response Questions Set 2  \n© 2023 College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \n[AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org](AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org).  \nWORLD HISTORY: MODERN  \nSECTION I, Part B  \nTime—40 minutes  \nDirections: Answer Question 1 and Question 2. Answer either Question 3 or Question 4.  \nWrite your responses in the Section I, Part B: Short-Answer Response booklet. You must write your response to each question on the lined page designated for that response. Each response is expected to fit within the space provided.  \nIn your responses, be sure to address all parts of the questions you answer. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. You may plan your answers in this exam booklet, but no credit will be given for notes written in this booklet.  \n“Late Ottoman society underwent significant modernization, a process that was both caused and accelerated by the state reorganization program, Tanzimat, beginning in 1839. . . . Modern-educated Ottomans soon began to emphasize in their writings the importance of European sciences. . . . Science was seen by many officials and learned figures as the only tool to solve the problems of the empire. . . . This elite group of Westernized Ottoman intellectuals . . . even adopted the belief in the supremacy of science in all aspects of life and proposed to adopt a completely [Westernized] worldview.  \nHowever, this [Westernized Ottoman] elite was not the only group that focused on modern European thought. Extreme views . . . sparked opposition, especially among religious circles, but they also kindled a general curiosity among . . . a new generation of modern Ottoman religious scholars who emphasized an alternative approach toward modernization. [These scholars] proposed to combine their traditional heritage with modern ideas and methods . . . [and], while advocating the adoption of industrialization and political reforms, rejected a cultural identification with the West.”  \nM. Sait Özervarli, historian,“Alternative Approaches to Modernization in the Late Ottoman Period,” scholarly article, published in 2007  \n1. Using the excerpt, respond to parts a, b, and c.  \na. Identify ONE nineteenth-century development in the Ottoman Empire that led to the launch of thereform program mentioned in the first paragraph.  \nb. Identify ONE argument made in the passage concerning the Ottoman elites and modernization in the nineteenth century.  \nc. Explain how ONE OTHER non-Western state’s attempts to modernize in the nineteenth century led to conflicts among members of the elite similar to those described in the passage.  \n© 2023 College Board.  \nVisit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \nGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.  \n“We consider Buddhists to be a direct threat. For over 1500 years, Buddhism has been spreading in our kingdom, yet neither happiness nor profit has been gained. This is recorded in the historical books, which Your Majesty has certainly studied thoroughly. Must you wait for your ministers to tell you?  \nWe think of all the unorthodox teachings, Buddhism is the worst. The Buddhists live alone with their barbaric customs, apart from the common productive population; yet they cause the people to be poor and to steal. What is worse than their crimes? Beasts and birds that damage grain are certainly chased away because they harm the people. Yet even though beasts and birds eat the people’s food, they are nevertheless useful to the people. Buddhists, however, sit around and eat, and there has not yet been a visible profit.”  \nYun Hoe, Korean Confucian scholar and adviser to the Korean Choson monarchy, On the Harmfulness of Buddhism, 1424","cbCainiGeJzp4AaG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainiGeJzp4AaG","pdf",2092725,12,13,"English","en",105,"# Section I, Part B\n## Directions (Short-Answer Responses)\n## Question 1\n## Question 2\n## Question 3 or Question 4\n# Section II\n## Question 1 (Document-Based Question)","[{\"question\":\"What is required for Section I, Part B responses?\",\"answer\":\"Answer Question 1 and Question 2, and then answer either Question 3 or Question 4. Responses must be written in complete sentences and fit within the provided space.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Question 1 test using the Ottoman modernization excerpt?\",\"answer\":\"It tests students’ ability to identify a nineteenth-century development leading to the Tanzimat reform program, explain an argument about Ottoman elites and modernization, and connect modernization attempts by another non-Western state to similar elite conflicts.\"},{\"question\":\"What topics do Questions 3 and 4 cover?\",\"answer\":\"Question 3 focuses on technology, religion, and reasons for syncretic beliefs in the Americas (1450–1750). Question 4 addresses developments supporting a global economy (c. 1800–1914), government responses to economic crises (c. 1900–1945), and economic changes linked to shifting power (c. 1945–1990).\"}]","AP® World History: Modern - Free-Response Questions Set 2 | PDF",1790672138,33,{"code":4,"msg":83,"data":84},"ok",{"site_id":76,"language":75,"slug":85,"title":65,"keywords":86,"description":66,"schema_data":87,"social_meta":141,"head_meta":143,"extra_data":145,"updated_unix":146},"ap-world-history-modern-free-response-questions-set-2-435156","",{"@graph":88,"@context":140},[89,103,123],{"@type":90,"itemListElement":91},"BreadcrumbList",[92,96,98,101],{"item":93,"name":94,"@type":95,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":97,"name":9,"@type":95,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":99,"name":20,"@type":95,"position":100},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":102,"name":65,"@type":95,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-world-history-modern-free-response-questions-set-2-435156/435156/",{"url":102,"name":65,"@type":104,"image":105,"author":110,"headline":65,"publisher":112,"fileFormat":115,"inLanguage":75,"description":66,"dateModified":116,"datePublished":117,"encodingFormat":115,"isAccessibleForFree":118,"interactionStatistic":119},"DigitalDocument",{"url":106,"@type":107,"width":108,"height":109},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-world-history-modern-free-response-questions-set-2-435156/435156.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":111},"Person",{"url":93,"name":113,"@type":114},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":120,"interactionType":121,"userInteractionCount":72},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":122},"ViewAction",{"@type":124,"mainEntity":125},"FAQPage",[126,132,136],{"name":127,"@type":128,"acceptedAnswer":129},"What is required for Section I, Part B responses?","Question",{"text":130,"@type":131},"Answer Question 1 and Question 2, and then answer either Question 3 or Question 4. 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Question 4 addresses developments supporting a global economy (c. 1800–1914), government responses to economic crises (c. 1900–1945), and economic changes linked to shifting power (c. 1945–1990).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":102,"og:type":142,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":113,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":144,"canonical":102},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":76},1790812491]