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College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \n[AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org](AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org).  \nWORLD HISTORY: MODERN  \nSECTION I, Part B  \nTime—40 minutes  \nDirections: Answer Question 1 and Question 2. Answer either Question 3 or Question 4.  \nWrite your responses in the Section I, Part B: Short-Answer Response booklet. You must write your response to each question on the lined page designated for that response. Each response is expected to fit within the space provided.  \nIn your responses, be sure to address all parts of the questions you answer. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. You may plan your answers in this exam booklet, but no credit will be given for notes written in this booklet.  \n“The fall of the modern European empires was as rapid as their rise had been, and in most places the reasons for their downfall were similar. Ultimately all [empires] had maintained their rule through [acceptance by conquered peoples] rather than by force or the threat of force. . . . What had applied to the Roman Empire also applied to the British and the French, the German, and, ultimately, even the Russian: subject peoples were only to remain in subjection so long as at least a significant number of them could see some benefit to them in so doing.  \nResistance to any kind of rule requires organization and courage. In the case of resistance to colonial rule, however, it also requires some vision of a better future in some postcolonial world. It requires an ideology capable of mobilizing those who might otherwise be prepared to accept the status quo as merely inevitable. Ironically, this ideology was provided by the same refashioning of society that had been the driving force behind most modern imperialism, namely nationalism.”  \nSource: Anthony Pagden, British historian, Peoples and Empires, 2003  \n1. Using the excerpt, respond to parts a, b, and c.  \na. Identify ONE claim that the author makes in the passage.  \nb. Explain how ONE development in the second half of the twentieth century could be used to support the author’s claim about nationalism in the second paragraph.  \nc. Explain how ONE development from the nineteenth or twentieth century could be used to challenge a claim that the author makes in the first paragraph.  \n© 2023 College Board.  \nVisit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \nGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.  \n“It was by the grace of God, glory be to Him, that He came to the rescue of Islam, by reviving its last breath and restoring in Egypt the unity of the Muslims [in the mid-thirteenth century]. He did this by sending the Mamluks to the Muslims as guardian rulers and devoted defenders, who were imported as slaves from the lands of the heathen Qipchaq Turks. The Turkish slaves embrace Islam with the determination of true believers, while retaining their nomadic virtues.  \nThe slave merchants bring them to Egypt in batch after batch. Then the rulers lodge them in the royal chambers, and give them a careful upbringing, including the study of the Qur’an. Then they train them in the use of the bow and the sword, in riding horses, and in fighting with the lance until they become tough and seasoned soldiers. When the rulers are convinced that they are prepared to defend and die for them, they increase their pay, lands, and incomes. Then they appoint them to high offices of state, and even sultans are chosen from them who direct the affairs of the Muslims.”  \nSource: Ibn Khaldun, Arab scholar and historian writing about the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt, late fourteenth century  \n2. Using the excerpt, respond to parts ","cbCaiuI4trThVTOD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuI4trThVTOD","pdf",263534,14,"English","# SECTION I, Part B\n## Question 1\n## Question 2\n## Question 3 or 4\n# SECTION II\n## Question 1 (Document-Based Question)","[{\"question\":\"Section I, Part B includes which types of responses and time guidance?\",\"answer\":\"Students must answer Question 1 and Question 2, and then either Question 3 or Question 4. Responses should be written in the designated Section I, Part B short-answer response booklet and fit the provided space. Complete sentences are required; outlines or bulleted lists alone receive no credit.\"},{\"question\":\"How should Question 1 be answered using the provided excerpt?\",\"answer\":\"Question 1 asks students to identify one claim the author makes, then use one development from the second half of the twentieth century to support nationalism in the second paragraph, and use one nineteenth- or twentieth-century development to challenge a claim made in the first paragraph.\"},{\"question\":\"What topics do Questions 3 and 4 cover in this set?\",\"answer\":\"Question 3 focuses on the increase of enslaved peoples across the Atlantic (circa 1450–1750) and resulting social/cultural changes in the Americas and effects on African populations. Question 4 addresses environmental contributions to industrialization in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, societal or government reactions, and how human activity led to environmental changes in the twentieth century.\"}]","AP® World History: Modern - Free-Response Questions Set 1 | PDF",1790052891,35]