[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-311292-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-311292-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","ap-us-government-politics-review-unit-2-interactions-among-branches-and-government-21-congress-the-senate-and-house-of-representatives","AP U.S. Government & Politics Review - Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches and Government - 2.1 Congress: The Senate and House of Representatives","","AP U.S. Government & Politics Review Unit 2 focuses on how Congress and the presidency interact. It explains bicameral structure, including Senate and House membership requirements, terms, and responsiveness, then details Congress’s legislative process and committee roles. It covers representation models and congressional behavior through key cases like Baker v. Carr and Shaw v. Reno, and summarizes presidential powers, including vetoes and executive actions. The unit also reviews nominations, confirmations, cabinet roles, and checks on presidential authority.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-us-government-politics-review-unit-2-interactions-among-branches-and-government-21-congress-the-senate-and-house-of-representatives/311292/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-us-government-politics-review-unit-2-interactions-among-branches-and-government-21-congress-the-senate-and-house-of-representatives/311292.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Blitz","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How do the Senate and House of Representatives differ in size, terms, and age requirements?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Each state has two Senators with a six-year term, and Senators must be at least 30. The House has 435 Representatives with a two-year term based on state population, and Representatives must be at least 25.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What are the key steps and purposes of the legislative process in Congress?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The legislative process is slow by design to ensure compromises, and only members of Congress can introduce bills. Committees often stop bills, and the House Rules Committee manages how easily a bill will pass.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What kinds of powers does the President have, and how do they differ between formal and informal powers?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Formal powers include commander-in-chief duties, nominating officials and judges with Senate approval, treaty-making, granting pardons, recommending legislation, delivering the State of the Union, and vetoing legislation. Informal powers include issuing executive orders, signing statements, negotiating executive agreements, and persuading Congress to support the President’s policy agenda.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},311292,1790470964,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","| The Senate | The House of Representatives |\n| --- | --- |\n| ● Upper chamber of Congress\u003Cbr>● Each state has two representatives (100 Senators total)\u003Cbr>● Six-year term\u003Cbr>● ⅓ of Senators run for reelection every two years\u003Cbr>● Senators must be at least 30 years old\u003Cbr>● Less formal debate procedures | ● Lower chamber of Congress\u003Cbr>● Number of representatives is based on state’s population (435 Representatives total)\u003Cbr>○ Determined by the census\u003Cbr>● Two-year term\u003Cbr>● Representatives must be at least 25 years old\u003Cbr>● Typically more responsive to constituents |\n\nAP U. S. Government & Politics Review  \nUnit 2: Interactions Among Branches and Government (25-36% Exam Weight 2.1 Congress: The Senate and House of Representatives  \nImportant Documents  \n● Article I of the Constitution  \n○ Established bicameral legislature  \nMain Topics  \n2.2 Structures, Powers, and Functions of Congress  \nCommented [1]: Check to make sure you covered all the info  \nCommented [2]: Check to make sure you covered all the info  \nMain Topics  \n● Legislative Process  \n○ Process is slow by design to ensure that Bills  \ncompromises are made  \n○  \ncan only be introduced by a  \nmember of Congress  \n(Grace Zhang)  \n● Roles/Organization of the Senate vs. House of Representatives  \n(Rebecca Artavia)  \n2.2 Structures, Powers, and Functions of Congress (continued)  \n● Types of Committees  \n○ Allows Congress to perform oversight to review work of the bureaucracy  \n■ Can also check the executive branch  \n○ Majority power holds committee chair position  \n■ Party in power controls the committee  \n○ Most proposed bills die in committee  \n○ Committee of the Whole = all representatives of the House of Representatives serve to review details ofa proposal  \n○ House Rules Committee = schedules and manages the flow of legislation for the House of Representatives  \n■ Dictates how easy/ difficult to pass a bill  \n\n| Standing |  | Joint | Select | Conference |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ● Permanent | ● | Committee | ● Temporary | ● Temporary |\n| committees |  | made up of | committees | committee |\n| ● Members are |  | member from | ● Limited | that comes to |\n| experts in |  | both the | purpose | a compromise |\n| their |  | House and |  | regarding a |\n| respective |  | Senate |  | bill |\n| topic | ●\u003Cbr>● | Most are permanent committees Jurisdiction over matters involving both houses |  | ● Compromise\u003Cbr>bill must be appropriate to both Senate\u003Cbr>and House |\n\n2.3 Congressional Behavior  \nImportant Cases  \n● Baker v. Carr (1961)  \n○ Established “one-person, one-vote” principle  \n■ One person’s vote is equal to another’s in the same state  \n○ Established that the Court has the power to review state redistricting issues  \n● Shaw v. Reno (1993)  \n○ Ruled that redistricting on the basis of race violated the Voting Rights Act of 1965  \nMain Topics  \n● Models of Representation  \n\n| Trustee | Delegate | Politico |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ● Member of Congress | ● Member of Congress | ● Member of Congress |\n| that takes into account | that will listen and | that follows the trustee |\n| the views of their | follow their | model on issues their |\n| constituents but acts | constituents' | constituents do not |\n| on their judgement | preferences | care about, but follow the delegate model on issues they do |\n\n● Divided Government  \n○ Gridlock = no compromise can be made on an issue  \n○ Gerrymandering = changing the boundaries of a district to favor a specific party  \n○ Redistricting = process of adjusting electoral districts  \n2.4 Roles and Powers of the President  \nImportant Documents  \n● Article II of the Constitution  \n○ Established the formal powers  \n○ Established the executive branch  \n■ Stated the power of the federal government  \nMain Topics  \n● Veto  \n○ Constitutional power of the President to reject a bill passed by Congress  \n○ Congress can override a veto w/ a ⅔ vote from both houses  \n○ Pocket Veto = an indirect veto, where if the president neither signs or vetoes the","cbCaiqqr0EpBvGK6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqqr0EpBvGK6","pdf",696259,18,"English","# 2.1 Congress: The Senate and House of Representatives\n## Important Documents\n## Main Topics\n# 2.2 Structures, Powers, and Functions of Congress\n## Legislative Process\n## Roles/Organization of the Senate vs. House of Representatives\n## Types of Committees\n# 2.3 Congressional Behavior\n## Important Cases\n## Models of Representation\n# 2.4 Roles and Powers of the President\n## Important Documents\n## Veto\n## Signing Statement\n## Treaties vs. Executive Agreement\n## Executive Order\n## Formal vs. Informal Powers of the President\n# 2.5 Checks on the Presidency\n## Presidential Nomination\n## Cabinet & White House Staff\n## Senate Confirmation\n# 2.6 Expansion of Presidential Powers\n## Important Documents","[{\"question\":\"How do the Senate and House of Representatives differ in size, terms, and age requirements?\",\"answer\":\"Each state has two Senators with a six-year term, and Senators must be at least 30. The House has 435 Representatives with a two-year term based on state population, and Representatives must be at least 25.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key steps and purposes of the legislative process in Congress?\",\"answer\":\"The legislative process is slow by design to ensure compromises, and only members of Congress can introduce bills. Committees often stop bills, and the House Rules Committee manages how easily a bill will pass.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of powers does the President have, and how do they differ between formal and informal powers?\",\"answer\":\"Formal powers include commander-in-chief duties, nominating officials and judges with Senate approval, treaty-making, granting pardons, recommending legislation, delivering the State of the Union, and vetoing legislation. Informal powers include issuing executive orders, signing statements, negotiating executive agreements, and persuading Congress to support the President’s policy agenda.\"}]","AP U.S. Government & Politics Review - Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches and Government - 2.1 Congress: The Senate and House of Representatives | PDF",1789894095,45]