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Includes guidance on pacing, scratch paper use, and how to focus responses in the application. Provides scenario-based prompts tied to the 1992 presidential election and guidance for linking participatory democracy and federalism to state income tax data. Also introduces a required Supreme Court case comparison scenario using Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc. 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College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered [trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org](trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org).  \nAP Central is the official online home for [the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org](the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org).  \nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS  \nSECTION II  \nTIME – 1 HOUR AND 40 MINUTES  \nDirections:  \nSection II has 4 questions and lasts 1 hour and 40 minutes.  \nRespond to all parts of all 4 questions. In your response, use substantive examples where appropriate.  \nYou may pace yourself as you answer the questions in this section, or you may use these optional timing recommendations:  \nIt is suggested that you spend about 20 minutes each on questions 1, 2, and 3 and about 40 minutes on question 4.  \nYou may use scratch paper for notes and planning, but credit will only be given for responses entered in this application. Text you enter as an annotation will not be included as part of your answer. You can go back and forth between questions in this section until time expires. The clock will turn red when 5 minutes remain—the proctor will not give you any time updates or warnings.  \nNote: This exam was originally administered digitally. It is presented here in a format optimized for teacher and student use in the classroom.  \nHeading into the 1992 election, voters were watching the state of the economy. A recession in 1991, slow job growth rates, and the national debt contributed to voters’ concerns. The major party candidates, Republican incumbent President George H.W. Bush and Democrat Bill Clinton, Governor of Arkansas, addressed these issues in their campaigns.  \nSpurred by the existing economic conditions, Texas businessman Ross Perot entered the campaign as an independent candidate in February of 1992. Perot organized a large volunteer outreach effort to collect the signatures necessary to be added to the slate of presidential candidates in every state.  \nPerot advocated for a balanced budget, the creation of more jobs domestically, and the adoption of technology to increase citizen participation in government. Perot used his personal wealth to self-fund his third-party candidacy, and his campaign used his unconventional personality and outsider status to attract media attention.  \nPerot gained significant attention from the media and led public opinion polls in the summer of 1992. To address the strength of Perot’s campaign, Clinton and the Democratic Party decided to incorporate deficit reduction into their messaging and focused more heavily on issues important to the middle class. In addition, Bush and the Republican Party promised to cut up to one-third of the federal budget should he be reelected.  \nPerot won approximately 19 percent of the popular vote but received no electoral votes. Bush won roughly 37 percent of the popular vote and earned 168 electoral votes. Clinton won the presidential election with 43 percent of the popular vote and 370 electoral votes.  \n1. Respond to parts A, B, and C.  \nA. Describe an impact the third-party candidate had on the 1992 presidential election as described in the scenario.  \nB. Explain how structural barriers limited the impact of the third-party candidate as described in part A.  \nC. Explain how a model of voting behavior could be used to explain how citizens vote in presidential elections as described in the scenario.  \nState Individual Income Tax Rates, 2023  \nSource: Tax Foundation, 2023  \nNote: “State individual income tax rates” refers to the highest tax rate a portion of an individual’s earnings might be subjected to based on the laws of a given state.  \n2. Respond to parts A, B, C, and D.  \nA. Identify the state with the highest individual income tax rate.  \nB. Describe a difference in individual income ","cbCainsF1kLlJShD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainsF1kLlJShD","pdf",529360,"English","# Section II Guidelines\n## Timing and response requirements\n# Scenario: 1992 Presidential Election\n## Question 1 prompts (A-C)\n# Data: State Individual Income Tax Rates, 2023\n## Question 2 prompts (A-D)\n# Supreme Court Case Comparison\n## Question 3 prompt (case comparison setup)\n# Supreme Court Case Background\n## Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc. (1989)","[{\"question\":\"How long is Section II and how many questions does it include?\",\"answer\":\"Section II lasts 1 hour and 40 minutes and includes 4 questions.\"},{\"question\":\"What guidance is provided for pacing during Section II?\",\"answer\":\"A suggested schedule is about 20 minutes each for questions 1, 2, and 3, and about 40 minutes for question 4.\"},{\"question\":\"What should students include in their responses for the free-response questions?\",\"answer\":\"Students must respond to all parts of all 4 questions and use substantive examples where appropriate.\"}]","AP United States Government and Politics - Section II - Time and Questions | PDF",1789894100,15]