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Items cover reinforcement schedules (fixed/variable ratio and interval), conditioned reinforcers, conditioned stimulus vs unconditioned stimulus identification, consumer energy usage framed through learning theory, shaping and teaching machines, and observational learning emphasis. 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A variable-ratio schedule reinforces after an unpredictable number of responses has been made.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What best defines spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How can operant conditioning be used to reduce disruptive classroom behaviors and increase cooperation?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Use operant conditioning to reinforce desired cooperative behaviours and withhold or manage reinforcement for disruptive behaviours, then apply shaping to gradually build appropriate classroom responses.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},314797,1790127543,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},687207017582,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Bryant-Taneda: AP Psychology Test Bank – Behaviouristic Learning (Chapter )  \n1. Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Paul is paid $1.00 for every 5 calls he makes, while Michael is paid 1 dollar for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes . Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a   schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a   schedule .  \nA) variable-ratio; fixed-ratio  \nB) fixed-ratio; variable-ratio  \nC) fixed-ratio; variable-interval  \nD) fixed-interval; variable-ratio  \n2. Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by:  \nA) cognitive processes .  \nB) biological predispositions .  \nC) environmental factors .  \nD) continuous reinforcement.  \nE) latent learning.  \n3. Which of the following is the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?  \nA) applause for an excellent piano recital  \nB) a spanking for eating cookies before dinner  \nC) a cold root beer for mowing the lawn on a hot day  \nD) termination of shock after removing one's finger from a live electric wire  \n4. Compared with apartment dwellers whose landlords pay their energy costs, those apartment dwellers who pay their own energy costs use less energy. This most clearly illustrates that consumer energy usage is influenced by:  \nA) operant conditioning.  \nB) classical conditioning.  \nC) observational learning.  \nD) spontaneous recovery.  \nE) latent learning.  \n5. A geometric figure is most likely to become sexually arousing if presented shortly   an appropriate   .  \nA) after; UCR  \nB) after; UCS  \nC) before; UCR  \nD) before; UCS  \nE) after; CS  \n6. B. F. Skinner believed that teaching machines could promote effective learning because they allow for both:  \nA) continuous reinforcement and latent learning.  \nB) positive reinforcement and punishment.  \nC) classical and operant conditioning.  \nD) shaping and immediate reinforcement.  \nE) observational learning and spontaneous recovery.  \n7. Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with the presentation of a female quail. The sexual arousal elicited by the red light was a:  \nA) UCR.  \nB) UCS.  \nC) CR.  \nD) CS.  \n8. Because Mr. Baron demonstrates appreciation only for classroom performance that is flawless, his students have become poor and unmotivated learners . Mr . Baron most clearly needs to be informed of the value of:  \nA) generalization .  \nB) modeling.  \nC) shaping.  \nD) latent learning.  \nE) spontaneous recovery.  \n9. Who would be most likely to emphasize the importance of observational learning?  \nA) Watson  \nB) Bandura  \nC) Skinner  \nD) Pavlov  \n10. In Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning of a dog's salivary responses, spontaneous recovery occurred:  \nA) during acquisition, when the CS was first paired with the UCS.  \nB) during extinction, when the CS was first presented by itself.  \nC) when the CS was reintroduced following extinction of the CR and a rest period.  \nD) during discrimination training, when several conditioned stimuli were introduced.  \n11. A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n):  \nA) unpredictable time period has elapsed.  \nB) specified time period has elapsed.  \nC) specified number of responses has been made .  \nD) unpredictable number of responses has been made .  \n12. The highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by a   schedule .  \nA) fixed-ratio  \nB) variable-ratio  \nC) fixed-interval  \nD) variable-interval  \n13. If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze, they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end. Their good performance demonstrates:  \nA) shaping.  \nB) latent learning.  \nC) delayed reinforcement.  \nD) spontaneous recovery.  \nE) modeling.  \n14. The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a CS was challenged by:  \nA) Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversi","cbCaijh1OzazwOUz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijh1OzazwOUz","pdf",130214,17,"English","# Behaviouristic Learning - Chapter\n## Reinforcement, schedules, and conditioned responses\n## Classical conditioning and constraints\n## Observational learning, shaping, and latent learning\n## Spontaneous recovery and practical applications","[{\"question\":\"How do variable-ratio and fixed-ratio schedules differ in reinforcement?\",\"answer\":\"A fixed-ratio schedule reinforces only after a specified number of responses. A variable-ratio schedule reinforces after an unpredictable number of responses has been made.\"},{\"question\":\"What best defines spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?\",\"answer\":\"Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response.\"},{\"question\":\"How can operant conditioning be used to reduce disruptive classroom behaviors and increase cooperation?\",\"answer\":\"Use operant conditioning to reinforce desired cooperative behaviours and withhold or manage reinforcement for disruptive behaviours, then apply shaping to gradually build appropriate classroom responses.\"}]","AP Psychology Test Bank - Behaviouristic Learning - Chapter | PDF",1789901821,43]