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The Advanced Placement (AP) exam has been rewritten for 2020 and covers three units with two free-response questions (FRQs) . This fast-paced and fun session will review the top 15 court cases from a typical course of study for an AP Government class. Join Jeffrey Rosen, president and CEO of the National Constitution Center, to better understand these landmark Supreme Court cases and the major principles of the U.S. Constitution. Cases include McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Engel v. Vitale (1962), Schenck v. United States (1919), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Baker v. Carr (1963), and 10 more canonical cases.\u003Cbr>Watch the recording of this session here: [https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/educational](https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/educational)video/ap-landmark-supreme-court-cases-encore-session\u003Cbr>More helpful links:\u003Cbr>• Watch recordings of all of our past Scholar Sessions on our YouTube page:\u003Cbr>[https://www.youtube.com/user/ConstitutionCenter](https://www.youtube.com/user/ConstitutionCenter)\u003Cbr>• View the schedule for upcoming Scholar Sessions on our website: [https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive](https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive)constitution/classroom-exchanges/online-civic-learning\u003Cbr>opportunities?utm source=web&utm medium=homepage&utm campaign=exchanges\u003Cbr>INTERACTIVE CONSTITUTION |\n| --- |\n| Explore Article III and the Judicial Branch on our Interactive Constitution\u003Cbr>SECTION ONE |\n\nAP Gov. Framework Note:  \nFederalism reflects the dynamic distribution of power between national and state governments. CON-2  \nMcCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  \nThe debate over the constitutionality of a national bank was one of the most contentious constitutional battles in early American history. Following the chartering of a national bank in 1816, the state of Maryland passed a new law imposing taxes on it. When Baltimore bank cashier James McCulloch refused to pay those taxes, Maryland brought this case to compel him to do so. Maryland also challenged Congress’s authority to establish a bank in the first place. In a landmark opinion written by Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court held that under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I of the Constitution, Congress had powers that were not expressly mentioned in the Constitution and thus could take actions—such as establishing a bank—that were “appropriate and legitimate” in service of its enumerated powers.  \nAdditionally, the Court ruled that Maryland had no right to tax federal institutions like the national bank, noting that the“power to tax involves, necessarily, a power to destroy.”  \nKey Take-Home Points:  \n• The Marshall Court read the Constitution—and, in particular, Article I’s Necessary and Proper Clause—in such away that it gave Congress some flexibility to exercise powers that weren’t explicitly mentioned in the Constitution (e.g., the power to establish a national bank) but were related to other key powers granted explicitly to Congress by the Constitution (e.g., borrowing money and taxing/spending for the general welfare) .  \n• McCulloch promoted national supremacy (protected by Article VI’s Supremacy Clause) by striking down a state effort to undermine a national institution established to carry out powers within the authority of the national government (e.g., using state taxes to try to destroy a national bank) .  \n•  Famous Quote: “[W]e must never forget that it is a constitution we are expounding.”  \n•  Famous Quote II: “Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consistent with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional.”  \nUnited States v. Lopez (1995)  \nAlfonzo Lop","cbCaib8oHeFCQOdt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib8oHeFCQOdt","pdf",372603,"English","# WATCH\n## Interactive Constitution\n## SECTION ONE\n### AP Gov. Framework Note\n### McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)\n### United States v. Lopez (1995)\n## SECTION TWO\n### AP Gov. Framework Note\n### Engel v. Vitale (1962)","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of this AP Landmark Supreme Court Cases encore session?\",\"answer\":\"It provides a fast-paced review of major Supreme Court cases commonly studied in an AP Government course, helping learners understand key constitutional principles.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) affect federal power?\",\"answer\":\"It held that Congress could act under the Necessary and Proper Clause to establish a national bank and ruled that Maryland could not tax federal institutions, emphasizing national supremacy.\"},{\"question\":\"What constitutional issue was central to United States v. Lopez (1995)?\",\"answer\":\"Whether Congress exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause by regulating gun possession near schools; the Court rejected the law because carrying a gun into schools was not an “economic activity.”\"}]","AP Landmark Supreme Court Cases Encore - Scholar Exchange Briefing Document - Watch | PDF",1789899290,25]