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Topics include the five themes of geography (location, place, human characteristics, interaction, movement, people/goods/ideas, and regions), cultural concepts (hearth, acculturation, and globalization), reference vs. thematic maps, and common map types such as isoline, choropleth, dot maps, and cartograms. Includes essentials on resolution, scale, cartography, projections, and major coordinate/time-zone ideas (meridians, parallels, Greenwich Mean Time, and the International Date Line).",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-human-geography-notes-general-geography-map-spatial-concepts/311380/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-human-geography-notes-general-geography-map-spatial-concepts/311380.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver 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information, size, or agricultural acreage.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the main types of time and coordinate references mentioned?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The notes explain meridians (including the Prime Meridian and International Date Line), parallels (latitude), and Greenwich Mean Time, along with major U.S. time zones and the calendar/clock change when crossing the International Date 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\nAccording to environmental determinism, the physical environment causes social development Highest density: most in numbers  \nHighest concentration: closest together Cloropleth map uses shading  \nFive Themes of Geography:  \nLocation:  \nRelative location  \nAbsolute location Place:  \nHuman Characteristics  \nPhysical Characteristics Human-Environmental Interaction:  \nHumans adapt to the environment  \nHumans modify the environment  \nHumans depend on the environment Movement  \nPeople  \nGoods  \nIdeas  \nRegions  \nFormal (uniform)  \nFunctional (nodal)  \nVernacular (perceptual)  \nCulture:  \nCustomary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a group of people in tradition  \nHearth:  \nWhere an idea originates  \nAcculturation:  \nThe spread of cultural traits from one society to another  \nGlobalization of Culture:  \nGlobalization due to interchanging beliefs and customs  \nGlobalization of Economy:  \nGlobalization due to business  \nReference Maps:  \nRegular maps showing cities, boundaries, mountains, or roads  \nThematic Maps:  \nMaps highlighting a particular feature or a single variable such as temperature, city, size, or acreage in potatoes (Gives extra information)  \nIsoline Maps:  \nShow lines that connect points of equal value Isolines are on topographic maps  \nChoropleth Maps:  \nShow the level of some variable within predefined regions, such as counties, states, or countries  \nDot Maps:  \nUse a dot to represent the occurrence of some phenomenon in order to depict variation in density in a given area  \nCartograms:  \nMaps that have distorted population  \nResolution:  \nThe amount of details or depth of a map  \nScale:  \nGenerally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface  \nThe three main types of scales are ratio (fraction) scales, bar scales, and written scales  \nSmall Scale:  \nDepicts a large area (such as the state of Arizona) but with less detail  \nLarge Scale:  \nDepicts a small area (such as downtown Phoenix) with great detail  \nCartography:  \nThe science of making maps  \nProjection:  \nThe system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map The most common type is the Robinson Projection  \nHowever, maps depicting the entire world can distort shape, distance, relative size, and direction  \nToponym:  \nThe name given to a portion of Earth’s surface Has to be a natural feature  \nSite:  \nThe physical character of a place  \nSituation:  \nThe location of a place relative to other places (relative location)  \nMeridian:  \nAn arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles (longitude)  \nThe two main meridians are the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line  \nParallel:  \nA circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians (latitude)  \nTime Zones:  \nThere are four major time zones in the United States (Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific) . The timezones are based on Greenwich, England because at the time England was the most powerful country. There is a new time zone ever 15 degrees longitude. One degree longitude is 69 miles, so there is anew time zone every 1,035 miles. If you go east you go forwards in time. If you go west you go back in time.  \nGreenwich Mean Time:  \nThe time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or zero degrees longitude.  \nInternational Date Line:  \nAn arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.  \nSpatial Association:  \nThe distribution of one phenomenon","cbCaifhMP0Ci0xZ2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifhMP0Ci0xZ2","pdf",262072,26,"English","# General Geography\n## Five Themes of Geography\n## Culture and Diffusion\n## Reference and Thematic Maps\n## Map Scale, Resolution, and Projections\n## Coordinate Systems and Time Zones\n## Density and Spatial Concepts","[{\"question\":\"What are the five themes of geography used in AP Human Geography?\",\"answer\":\"They include location (relative and absolute), place (human and physical characteristics), human-environment interaction (adaptation, modification, and dependence), movement (people, goods, ideas), and regions (formal, functional, and vernacular).\"},{\"question\":\"How do reference maps differ from thematic maps?\",\"answer\":\"Reference maps show standard features like cities, boundaries, mountains, or roads, while thematic maps highlight a specific feature or variable such as temperature, city information, size, or agricultural acreage.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main types of time and coordinate references mentioned?\",\"answer\":\"The notes explain meridians (including the Prime Meridian and International Date Line), parallels (latitude), and Greenwich Mean Time, along with major U.S. time zones and the calendar/clock change when crossing the International Date Line.\"}]","AP Human Geography Notes - general geography - map & spatial concepts | PDF",1789894223,66]