[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-312215-105":59,"doc-detail-312215-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","ap-european-history-cheat-sheet-rennaissance-reformation-key-topics","AP European History Cheat Sheet - Rennaissance & Reformation - Key Topics","","Concise AP European History review organized by major eras from the Renaissance and Reformation through absolutism, constitutionalism, the Scientific Revolution, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods. Highlights key thinkers and doctrines (e.g., Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII), institutions and turning points (Council of Trent, Jesuits, Westphalia), and repeated essay strategies such as using a defensible thesis with specific facts while addressing counterarguments. Includes major events, mechanisms of change, and contrasts across political and economic systems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-european-history-cheat-sheet-rennaissance-reformation-key-topics/312215/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-european-history-cheat-sheet-rennaissance-reformation-key-topics/312215.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ava Thompson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",18,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What time periods does this AP European History cheat sheet cover?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It covers Renaissance & Reformation (c. 1450–1648), absolutism and constitutionalism (c. 1648–1815), the Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment (c. 1648–1815), and the French Revolution & Napoleonic era (c. 1789–1815).","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which key ideas are emphasized for the Renaissance and Reformation section?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The sheet highlights Luther’s faith alone, Calvin’s predestination, Henry VIII’s political role, and the Counter-Reformation elements such as the Council of Trent and the Jesuits.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What guidance does the sheet give for LEQ writing?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It advises a defensible thesis supported by specific facts (dates and names) and to address counterarguments to show complexity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},312215,1790078932,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":81,"preview_page_count":4},1649267921044,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1786009248482753345","[AP European History Cheat Sheet](AP European History Cheat Sheet www.albert.io)[ www.albert.io](AP European History Cheat Sheet www.albert.io)  \n1-2: Renaissance & Reformation (c. 1450–1648)  3: Absolutism, Constitutionalism (c. 1648–1815)  4: Scien. Rev. & Enlightenment (c. 1648–1815)  5: French Rev. & Napoleonic Era (c. 1789–1815)   \n✓ Luther (faith alone), Calvin (predestination), Henry VIII (political) . Cntr-Reformation = Council of Trent, Jesuits.  \nRenaissance & Exploration  \n✓ Westphalia (1648): Sovereignty = nation-state supreme. Divine right ≠ accountable to subjects.  \nAbsolutist Monarchies  \n✓ Copernicus→Galileo→Newton = cumulative revolution. Testable hypothesis + empirical data.  \nScientific Revolution  \n✓ LEQ: defensible thesis + specific facts (dates, names) . Address counterargument = complexity.  \nOrigins & Radical Phase  \nItalian Renaissance: Humanism, secularism, Machiavelli Louis XIV (r. 1643–1715): Versailles (nobles Copernicus (1543): Heliocentric model. Galileo (1564– Causes: Fiscal crisis, bad harvests (1788), inequality.  \nPrince. Art: perspective (Brunelleschi), Leonardo, domesticated via etiquette, pensions) . \"L'État, c'est moi.\" 1642): Telescope observations (Jupiter moons, Venus Estates-General (1789): Tennis Court Oath, Bastille  \nMichelangelo, Raphael. Northern: Erasmus, Thomas More Revoked Edict Nantes (1685): Huguenots persecuted, phases) . Inquisition trial (1633), forced recant. Kepler Declaration Rights (Aug 1789): Liberty, equality,  \nUtopia. Gutenberg printing press (1440s): Mass fled. War Spanish Succession (1701–14) exhausted France. (1571–1630): Elliptical orbits, laws of [planetary motion. property](planetary motion. property), sovereignty. Excluded women, poor.  \nproduction books → Reformation spreads. Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725): Westernized Russia. St. Newton (1642–1727) Principia (1687): Universal October Women's March: Forced royals to Paris.  \nExploration: 3 G's (gold, God, glory) . Columbus (1492): Petersburg (1703): 'Window west.' Table of Ranks gravitation, laws of motion. Mechanical universe. Civil Constitution Clergy (1790): Church→state; schism.  \nSailed Spain, Caribbean. Columbian Exchange: Corn, (1722): Military ≥ hereditary nobility (merit) . Method: Bacon (empiricism): Observation + induction Constitutional Monarchy (1791–92): Limited king,  \npoTraattoyesoETourrpeesi;llsamsa(llp14x→4)A:mSperaiicna(swe(et)v,asPatrtgga)l. lFarew,dteorlre(r,.e17d–ti):SEneizligehdteSinleesdiad(eswparo RAeufostrrmiaend ((paratioicnualarslis)g: eRneearasol)n; clientogifi(medeutin. )De\"sCcaorgtiteosergo properDamagtyedvopnsgtiognelyW. Roary(aAlpfrlig17ht92(J):unAeus1ti,1P, Vruasresinanes):(east) . Mercantilism: Trade surplus, specie wealth. Succession) . sum\" (I think, I am) . Math = language of nature. threatened. Radical Republic (1792–99): Universal male  \nJoint-stock companies: Shared risk.  English Constitutionalism & Power Balance Enlightenment (c. 1685–1800)  suffrage. Terror (1793–94): Robespierre, Committee.  \nProtestant & Catholic Reformation  English Civil War (1642–51): Cavaliers (royal) vs Core: Reason → progress, reform, liberty. Salons: ~40k guillotined (100k+ total) . Thermidor (July 1794):  \nMartin Luther (1517): 95 Theses vs indulgences. Sola Roundheads (parliament) . Cromwell: Executed Charles I Intellectual gatherings. Encyclopédie (Diderot 1751–77): Robespierre fell, Terror ended. Directory (1795–99): fide (faith), sola scriptura (Bible alone) . Excommunicated (1649) . Glorious Rev (1688): James II fled (Catholic, Challenged authority. Public sphere: Books, debate. Weak, corrupt. Napoleon (1769–1821): Italian campaign  \nen.(-a3Rnl)fioAvncmitPhfioreeSnu:srareoileTi(GvangreHtcVh5–)III63: B):roke aCB(nlict)tueio.r WnplaolisroII&prhytreiaer:rn,yeAlIllcaiies, th.oiBfllaoonrReetts Ktapulrnaeao:oiLcroeia:cleore:neNtarasptucetreacMlhro,ilqa(luni,u,lid:beSeia,.rii:poenyf), (1NCUil7tlnaw.&C(,1iit(y7):99OCro):Secer,oteaadbtip(li1r.:deCa(1th0lii:m  R(ICegaoiilesdLWocyors:tlraEi)","cbCaijnqqVXaIOku","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijnqqVXaIOku","pdf",81546,"English","# 1-2 Renaissance & Reformation (c. 1450–1648)\n## Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII; Counter-Reformation\n# 3 Absolutism, Constitutionalism (c. 1648–1815)\n## Westphalia; divine right vs sovereignty; absolutist monarchies\n# 4 Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment (c. 1648–1815)\n## Copernicus to Newton; hypothesis and empirical data; Bacon and empiricism\n# 5 French Revolution & Napoleonic Era (c. 1789–1815)\n## Estates-General, Tennis Court Oath, Bastille; Rights of Declaration","[{\"question\":\"What time periods does this AP European History cheat sheet cover?\",\"answer\":\"It covers Renaissance \\u0026 Reformation (c. 1450–1648), absolutism and constitutionalism (c. 1648–1815), the Scientific Revolution \\u0026 Enlightenment (c. 1648–1815), and the French Revolution \\u0026 Napoleonic era (c. 1789–1815).\"},{\"question\":\"Which key ideas are emphasized for the Renaissance and Reformation section?\",\"answer\":\"The sheet highlights Luther’s faith alone, Calvin’s predestination, Henry VIII’s political role, and the Counter-Reformation elements such as the Council of Trent and the Jesuits.\"},{\"question\":\"What guidance does the sheet give for LEQ writing?\",\"answer\":\"It advises a defensible thesis supported by specific facts (dates and names) and to address counterarguments to show complexity.\"}]","AP European History Cheat Sheet - Rennaissance & Reformation - Key Topics | PDF",1789895446]