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It covers two programming formats, text-based and block-based, and provides instruction guidance across core concepts. The sheet details assignment, display, input, arithmetic operators (including MOD and RANDOM), relational and boolean operators, selection using IF/ELSE, iteration with REPEAT forms, and list operations such as indexing, assignment, insertion, append, removal, and length.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-computer-science-principles-appendix-2-exam-reference-sheet/311483/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-computer-science-principles-appendix-2-exam-reference-sheet/311483.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"eBook King","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What programming formats does this reference sheet cover for the AP CSP exam?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It describes two formats: text-based and block-based, and explains how instructions are represented in each format.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which data types are used in the programming instructions?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The reference sheet states four data types are used: numbers, Booleans, strings, and lists.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do list indexing rules work in these instructions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It specifies that if a list index is less than 1 or greater than the list length, an error message is produced and the program terminates; the first element is at index 1.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},311483,1790001303,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Appendix 2: AP Computer Science Principles Exam Reference Sheet  \nAppendix 2: AP Computer Science Principles Exam Reference Sheet  \nAs AP® Computer Science Principles does not designate any particular programming language, this reference sheet provides instructions and explanations to help students understand the format and meaning of the questions they will see on the exam. The reference sheet includes two programming formats, text-based and block-based.  \nProgramming instructions use four data types: numbers, Booleans, strings, and lists.  \nInstructions from any of the following categories may appear on the exam:  \n▶ Assignment, Display, and Input  \n▶ Arithmetic Operators and Numeric Procedures  \n▶ Relational and Boolean Operators  \n▶ Selection  \n▶ Iteration  \n▶ List Operations  \n▶ Procedures  \n▶ Robot  \nAppendix  \n118 AP Computer Science Principles  \n\n| AP_CED_CSP_2015. indd | 118 | 10/29/15 | 1:05 AM |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nAppendix 2: AP Computer Science Principles Exam Reference Sheet  \n\n| Instruction | Explanation |\n| --- | --- |\n| Assignment, Display, and Input |  |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>a ← expression\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| Evaluates expression and assigns the result to the variable a. |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>DISPLAY (expression)\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| Displays the value of expression, followed by a space. |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>INPUT ()\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| Accepts a value from the user and returns it. |\n| Arithmetic Operators and Numeric Procedures |  |\n| Text and Block:\u003Cbr>a + b\u003Cbr>a-b\u003Cbr>a * b\u003Cbr>a / b | The arithmetic operators +, -, *, and / are used to perform arithmetic on a and b. For example, 3 / 2 evaluates to 1.5. |\n| Text and Block:\u003Cbr>a MOD b | Evaluates to the remainder when a is divided by b. Assume that a and b are positive integers.\u003Cbr>For example, 17 MOD 5 evaluates to 2. |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>RANDOM (a, b)\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| Evaluates to a random integer from a to b, including a and b.\u003Cbr>For example, RANDOM (1, 3) could evaluate to 1, 2, or 3. |\n| Relational and Boolean Operators |  |\n| Text and Block:\u003Cbr>a = b\u003Cbr>a ≠ b\u003Cbr>a > b\u003Cbr>a \u003C b\u003Cbr>a ≥ b\u003Cbr>a ≤ b | The relational operators =, ≠, >, \u003C, ≥, and ≤ are used to test the relationship between two variables, expressions, or values.\u003Cbr>For example, a = b evaluates to true ifa and b are equal; otherwise it evaluates to false. |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>NOT condition\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| Evaluates to true if condition is false; otherwise evaluates to false. |\n\nAppendix  \nAP Computer Science Principles 119  \n\n| AP_CED_CSP_2015. indd | 119 | 10/29/15 | 1:05 AM |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nAppendix 2: AP Computer Science Principles Exam Reference Sheet  \nAppendix  \n120  \n\n| Instruction | Explanation |\n| --- | --- |\n| Relational and Boolean Operators (continued) |  |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>condition1 AND condition2\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| Evaluates to true if both condition1 and condition2 are true; otherwise evaluates to false. |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>condition1 OR condition2\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| Evaluates to true if condition1 is true or if condition2 is true or if both condition1 and condition2 are true; otherwise evaluates to false. |\n| Selection |  |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>IF (condition){\u003Cbr>\u003Cblock of statements>}\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| The code in block of statements is executed if the Boolean expression condition evaluates to true; no action is taken if condition evaluates to false. |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>IF (condition){\u003Cbr>\u003Cfirst block of statements>\u003Cbr>} ELSE {\u003Cbr>\u003Csecond block of statements>}\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| The code in first block of statements is executed if the Boolean expression condition evaluates to true; otherwise the code in second block of statements is executed. |\n\nAP Computer Science Principles  \n\n| AP_CED_CSP_2015. indd | 120 | 10/29/15 | 1:05 AM |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nAppendix 2: AP Computer Science Principles Exam Reference Sheet  \n\n| Instruction | Explanation |\n| --- | --- |\n| Iteration |  |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>REPEAT n TIMES {\u003Cbr>\u003Cblock of statements>}\u003Cbr>Block:\u003Cbr>| The code in block of statements is executed n times. |\n| Text:\u003Cbr>REPEAT UNTIL (condition){\u003Cbr>\u003Cblock of statement","cbCaieYhrxJlcenP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieYhrxJlcenP","pdf",250923,"English","# Appendix 2: AP Computer Science Principles Exam Reference Sheet\n## Programming formats and question meaning\n## Assignment, Display, and Input\n## Arithmetic Operators and Numeric Procedures\n## Relational and Boolean Operators\n## Selection\n## Iteration\n## List Operations\n## Procedures","[{\"question\":\"What programming formats does this reference sheet cover for the AP CSP exam?\",\"answer\":\"It describes two formats: text-based and block-based, and explains how instructions are represented in each format.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data types are used in the programming instructions?\",\"answer\":\"The reference sheet states four data types are used: numbers, Booleans, strings, and lists.\"},{\"question\":\"How do list indexing rules work in these instructions?\",\"answer\":\"It specifies that if a list index is less than 1 or greater than the list length, an error message is produced and the program terminates; the first element is at index 1.\"}]","AP Computer Science Principles - Appendix 2 - Exam Reference Sheet | PDF",1789894352,15]