[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-444290-105":59,"doc-detail-444290-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","ap-biology-scoring-guidelines-question-1-2-experimental-results","AP® Biology Scoring Guidelines - Question 1, 2 Experimental Results","","AP® Biology scoring guidelines providing answer expectations and point allocations for interpreting and evaluating experimental results. The document outlines the PHO signaling pathway in eukaryotic microorganisms, describes experimental setups using wild-type and mutant yeast strains (pho81mt, pho4mt), and uses Table 1 data to support responses. It also covers CO2 effects on photosynthesis and organelle numbers, requiring graphing-based interpretation and calculation guidance across multiple subparts with specified scoring rubrics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-biology-scoring-guidelines-question-1-2-experimental-results/444290/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-biology-scoring-guidelines-question-1-2-experimental-results/444290.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What experimental roles do the pho81mt and pho4mt mutant strains serve in Question 1?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They allow researchers to isolate the effect of each mutated pathway component. This supports attributing differences in results specifically to the introduced mutations rather than other genetic differences.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which variable is accepted as the dependent variable in part (b) of Question 1?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The accepted dependent variable options are APase activity or the (relative) amount of PHO1 mRNA.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do you determine the highest relative amount of PHO1 mRNA in Question 1 part (c)?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Use Table 1 to compare relative PHO1 mRNA amounts across yeast strains and growth conditions, then select the combination with the greatest value (wild-type in a low-Pi environment).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},444290,1791077919,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374391974585,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","2023  \nAP® Biology Scoring Guidelines  \n© 2023 College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \n[AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org](AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org).  \nQuestion 1: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results  \nwith Experimental Design 9 points  \nIn eukaryotic microorganisms, the PHO signaling pathway regulates the expression of certain genes. These genes, Pho target genes, encode proteins involved in regulating phosphate homeostasis. When the level of extracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) is high, a transcriptional activator Pho4 is phosphorylated by a complex of two proteins, Pho80–Pho85 . As a result, the Pho target genes are not expressed. When the level of extracellular Pi is low, the activity of the Pho80–Pho85 complex is inhibited by another protein, Pho81, enabling Pho4 to induce the expression of these target genes. A simplified model of this pathway is shown in Figure 1.  \nFigure 1. A simplified model of the regulation of expression of Pho target genes in (A) a high-phosphate (high-Pi) environment and (B) a low-phosphate (low-Pi) environment  \nTo study the role of the different proteins in the PHO pathway, researchers used a wild-type strain of yeast to create a strain with a mutant form of Pho81 (pho81mt) and a strain with a mutated form of Pho4 (pho4mt) . In each of these mutant strains, researchers measured the activity of a particular enzyme, APase, which removes phosphates from its substrates and is encoded by PHO1, a Pho target gene (Table 1) . They then determined the level of PHO1 mRNA relative to that of the wild-type yeast strain, which was set to 10.  \nTABLE 1. APase ACTIVITY AND RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF PHO1 mRNA IN WILD-TYPE AND MUTANT STRAINS OF  \nYEAST IN HIGH-AND LOW-PHOSPHATE ENVIRONMENTS  \n\n| Yeast\u003Cbr>Strain | Mutation | APase Activity in High-Pi Environment\u003Cbr>(mU/mL/OD600 )\u003Cbr>±2SEx | APase Activity in Low-Pi Environment\u003Cbr>(mU/mL/OD600 )\u003Cbr>±2SEx | Relative Amounts of PHO1 mRNA in High-Pi Environment\u003Cbr>±2SEx | Relative Amounts of PHO1 mRNA in Low-Pi Environment\u003Cbr>±2SEx |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Wild-type | None | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 17.3 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 10 ± 2.0 |\n| pho81mt | Nonfunctional\u003Cbr>Pho81 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.8 |\n| pho4mt | Nonfunctional\u003Cbr>Pho4 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |\n\n\n| (a) | Describe the effect the addition of a charged phosphate group can have on a protein that would cause the protein to become inactive.\u003Cbr>• It changes the structure/shape of the protein. | 1 point |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Explain how a signal can be amplified during signal transduction in a pathway such as the PHO signaling pathway.\u003Cbr>• Each enzyme (in a signal transduction pathway) can act on many copies of a protein. | 1 point |\n|  | Total for part (a) | 2 points |\n| (b) | Based on Table 1, identify a dependent variable in the researchers’ experiment. Accept one of the following:\u003Cbr>• APase activity\u003Cbr>• (Relative) amount of PHO1 (mRNA) | 1 point |\n|  | Justify the researchers’ using the wild-type strain for the creation of the mutant strains. Accept one of the following:\u003Cbr>• It ensures that any observed differences (in experimental results) between the strains are due to the introduced mutations (and not to other genetic differences between the yeast strains) .\u003Cbr>• It ensures that the strains are genetically identical except for the introduced mutations. | 1 point |\n|  | Justify the researchers’ using mutant strains in which only a single component of the pathway was mutated in each strain.\u003Cbr>Accept one of the following:\u003Cbr>• It allows them to test the effect of each mutation separately.\u003Cbr>• It allows them to (better) determine which component is responsible for any obser","cbCaipS0rxFB8GJf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipS0rxFB8GJf","pdf",577673,13,"English","# Question 1: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results\n## (a) Charged phosphate and protein inactivity\n## (b) Dependent variable and justifications\n## (c) Highest PHO1 mRNA and percent change calculation\n## (d) Predict effects of nonfunctional Pho85\n# Question 2: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results\n## Graphing-based interpretation and scoring","[{\"question\":\"What experimental roles do the pho81mt and pho4mt mutant strains serve in Question 1?\",\"answer\":\"They allow researchers to isolate the effect of each mutated pathway component. This supports attributing differences in results specifically to the introduced mutations rather than other genetic differences.\"},{\"question\":\"Which variable is accepted as the dependent variable in part (b) of Question 1?\",\"answer\":\"The accepted dependent variable options are APase activity or the (relative) amount of PHO1 mRNA.\"},{\"question\":\"How do you determine the highest relative amount of PHO1 mRNA in Question 1 part (c)?\",\"answer\":\"Use Table 1 to compare relative PHO1 mRNA amounts across yeast strains and growth conditions, then select the combination with the greatest value (wild-type in a low-Pi environment).\"}]","AP® Biology Scoring Guidelines - Question 1, 2 Experimental Results | PDF",1790707469,33]