[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-433979-105":59,"doc-detail-433979-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","ap-biology-free-response-questions-2019","AP Biology Free-Response Questions - 2019","","2019 AP Biology Free-Response Questions provide exam timing and scoring guidance for Section II, including the structure of 8 questions with long and short formats. The materials include a comprehensive AP Biology equations and formulas reference sheet covering statistical analysis, probability laws, Hardy-Weinberg, standard error, chi-square values, growth rates, water potential and solute potential, Gibbs free energy, pH, metric prefixes, and core volume/surface area and dilution relationships. It supports test writing by defining needed quantitative relationships.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-biology-free-response-questions-2019/433979/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-biology-free-response-questions-2019/433979.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Miles","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the structure of Section II in the 2019 AP Biology free-response questions?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Section II contains 8 questions. Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions, while Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How much time is allocated for reading and writing in Section II?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The reading period is 10 minutes, the writing period is 1 hour and 20 minutes, and the total time is 1 hour and 30 minutes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What types of equations and formulas are provided with the 2019 AP Biology questions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A dedicated reference section lists AP Biology equations and formulas covering statistics and probability, Hardy-Weinberg, growth and rate relationships, water and solute potentials, Gibbs free energy, pH, and key geometry and dilution formulas.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},433979,1791033035,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},13056703019404,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","2019  \nAP® Biology  \nFree-Response Questions  \n© 2019 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Visit the College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \n[AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org](AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org).  \nAP® BIOLOGY EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS  \n\n| Mean\u003Cbr>~~x~~ = 1~~n ~~ Âi 1 xi |  | Statistical Analysis and Probability\u003Cbr>Standard Deviation\u003Cbr>s = x~~n 1  ~~  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ~~x~~ = sample mean n = size of the sample\u003Cbr>s = sample standard deviation (i.e., the sample-based estimate of the standard deviation of the population)\u003Cbr>o = observed results e = expected results\u003Cbr>Degrees of freedom are equal to the number of distinct possible outcomes minus one. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Standard Error of the Mean\u003Cbr>SE~~x~~ = ~~ ~~sn |  |  |  |  | Chi-Square\u003Cbr>c 2 = Â ~~ ~~(o~~ ~~~~ ~~e)2~~ ~~ |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Chi-Square Table |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| p\u003Cbr>value | Degrees of Freedom |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |  |  |\n| 0.05 | 3.84 | 5.99 | 7.82 | 9.49 | 11.07 | 12.59 | 14.07 | 15.51 |  |  |\n| 0.01 | 6.64 | 9.21 | 11.34 | 13.28 | 15.09 | 16.81 | 18.48 | 20.09 |  |  |\n| Laws of Probability\u003Cbr>If A and B are mutually exclusive, then:\u003Cbr>P (A or B) = P(A) + P (B) If A and B are independent, then:\u003Cbr>P (A and B) = P (A) ¥ P (B)\u003Cbr>Hardy-Weinberg Equations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Metric Prefixes\u003Cbr>Factor  Prefix  Symbol\u003Cbr>109 giga G\u003Cbr>106 mega M\u003Cbr>103 kilo k 10–2 centi c 10–3 milli m 10–6 micro μ 10–9 nano n 10–12 pico p |\n| p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p + q = 1 |  |  | p = frequency of the dominant allele in a population\u003Cbr>q = frequency of the recessive allele in a population |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Mode = value that occurs most frequently in a data set\u003Cbr>Median = middle value that separates the greater and lesser halves of a data set\u003Cbr>Mean = sum of all data points divided by number of data points\u003Cbr>Range = value obtained by subtracting the smallest observation (sample minimum) from the greatest (sample maximum) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| Rate and Growth\u003Cbr>Rate\u003Cbr>dY\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>dt\u003Cbr>Population Growth\u003Cbr>dN\u003Cbr>dt = B-D\u003Cbr>Exponential Growth\u003Cbr>dN = r N\u003Cbr>dt max\u003Cbr>Logistic Growth\u003Cbr>dNdt = rmaxN (~~ ~~KK-N)\u003Cbr>Temperature Coefficient Q10\u003Cbr>10\u003Cbr>􀂧 k2 􀂷  T2 􀀐T1\u003Cbr>Q10 􀀠 􀂨  􀂸\u003Cbr>􀂩 k1 􀂹\u003Cbr>Primary Productivity Calculation\u003Cbr>mg O2 × 0.698 mL = mL O2\u003Cbr>L mg L\u003Cbr>mLLO~~2 ~~ × ~~ ~~0.536~~ ~~mg~~ ~~C~~m~~L~~ ~~O~~ ~~2~~ ~~fixed = mg~~ ~~CLfixed (at standard temperature and pressure) | dY = amount of changedt = change in time B = birth rate\u003Cbr>D = death rate\u003Cbr>N = population size K = carrying capacity\u003Cbr>rmax = maximum per capita growth rate of population |  | Water Potential ( Y ) Y = YP + YS\u003Cbr>YP = pressure potential YS = solute potential\u003Cbr>The water potential will be equal to the solute potential of a solution in an open container because the pressure potential of the solution in an open container is zero.\u003Cbr>The Solute Potential of a Solution\u003Cbr>YS = -iCRT\u003Cbr>i = ionization constant (this is 1.0 for sucrose because sucrose does not ionize in water)\u003Cbr>C = molar concentration\u003Cbr>R = pressure constant\u003Cbr>(R = 0.0831 liter bars/mole K) T = temperature in Kelvin (ºC + 273) |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | T2 = higher temperature T1 = lower temperature k2 = reaction rate at T2\u003Cbr>k1 = reaction rate at T1\u003Cbr>Q 10 = the factor by which thereaction rate increases when the temperature is raised by ten degrees |  |  |\n| Surface Area and Volume Volume of a Sphere\u003Cbr>V = 4~~3 ~~ pr3\u003Cbr>Volume of a Rectangular Solid\u003Cbr>V = 􀁁wh\u003Cbr>Volume of a Right Cylinder\u003Cbr>V = pr2h\u003Cbr>Surface Area of a Sphere\u003Cbr>A = 4pr2\u003Cbr>Surface Area of a Cube\u003Cbr>A = 6s2\u003Cbr>Surface Area of a Rect","cbCaiuYJXL6U9HLC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuYJXL6U9HLC","pdf",809716,14,"English","# Section II Overview\n## Time, Reading, and Writing Periods\n## Questions and Point Values\n# Equations and Formulas Reference\n## Statistical Analysis and Probability\n## Hardy-Weinberg, Growth, Water Potential, and Chemistry Equations\n## Surface Area, Volume, and Dilution","[{\"question\":\"What is the structure of Section II in the 2019 AP Biology free-response questions?\",\"answer\":\"Section II contains 8 questions. Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions, while Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions.\"},{\"question\":\"How much time is allocated for reading and writing in Section II?\",\"answer\":\"The reading period is 10 minutes, the writing period is 1 hour and 20 minutes, and the total time is 1 hour and 30 minutes.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of equations and formulas are provided with the 2019 AP Biology questions?\",\"answer\":\"A dedicated reference section lists AP Biology equations and formulas covering statistics and probability, Hardy-Weinberg, growth and rate relationships, water and solute potentials, Gibbs free energy, pH, and key geometry and dilution formulas.\"}]","AP Biology Free-Response Questions - 2019 | PDF",1790666453,35]