[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-433968-105":59,"doc-detail-433968-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","ap-biology-exam-review-guide-concept-1-biochemistry","AP Biology Exam Review Guide - Concept 1 - Biochemistry","","AP Biology: 2013 exam review guide focused on core biochemistry concepts. Covers CHNOPS elements in living matter, chemical bonds, and pH scale including logarithmic relationships and enzyme pH specificity. Explains water properties and macromolecule structures through monomer-to-polymer processes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, including DNA vs RNA and mRNA/rRNA/tRNA roles. Reviews enzyme function, active and allosteric sites, inhibition types, and factors affecting reaction rate.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ap-biology-exam-review-guide-concept-1-biochemistry/433968/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ap-biology-exam-review-guide-concept-1-biochemistry/433968.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are the most common elements and how are chemical bonds described?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The guide lists CHNOPS as the most common elements in all living matter and explains ionic, covalent (polar and non-polar), hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions as key bonding ideas.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis relate to macromolecules?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Dehydration synthesis links monomers into polymers by removing water. Hydrolysis breaks polymers down by adding water.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What determines enzyme reaction rate and how do competitive and non-competitive inhibition differ?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Enzyme rate depends on collisions influenced by pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration (including Vmax under saturation). Competitive inhibition blocks the active site and can be overcome with more substrate, while non-competitive inhibition binds an allosteric site to change enzyme shape and cannot be overcome with more substrate.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},433968,1790723665,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Page 1 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review  \nAP BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW GUIDE  \n“The price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand, and the determination that whether we win or lose, we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand.”  \nPage 2 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review  \nCONCEPT 1-BIOCHEMISTRY  \n1.  CHNOPS-most common elements in all living matter  \n2.  Bonds- ionic (transfer electrons), covalent (sharing-polar/unequal sharing and non-polar/equal sharing), hydrogen (weak bonds between hydrogen and negatively charged items), hydrophobic interactions (how non-polar compounds congregate together-lipids)  \n3.  pH  \na. acid-base/ 0-14, \\# of H ions determines scale; logarithmic-pH 3 = 10-3 = 1/1000  \nb. blood-7.4, stomach-2, small intestine-8; enzymes are specific to pH  \n4.  Water properties-polarity, cohesion(attraction to other water molecules), adhesion (attraction to other charged compounds) low density when frozen, versatile solvent, high heat of fusion/vaporization; surface tension  \n5. Organic molecules-monomers are simplest form of all; monomers join together via dehydration synthesis (loss of water) to make polymers; polymers are broken down via hydrolysis (input of water)  \na.  Carbohydrates-CHO 1:2:1 ratio, monomer= monosaccharides, 2=disaccharides, 3 or more= polysaccharides  \nx Used for energy (cell respiration)  \nx Examples  \n(1) glucose- immediate energy to make ATP  \n(2) starch-stored energy in plants  \n(3) glycogen-stored energy in animals (stored in liver)  \n(4) cellulose-plant cell wall  \nb. Lipids – C, H, O (not a 1:2:1 ratio) *P only in phospholipids  \n(1) fats, waxes, oils and sterols  \n(2) Saturated fats have single bonds between carbons, unsaturated fats have at least one double bond between carbons (kinky); plants make polyunsaturated; animals make monounsaturated  \n(3) Phospholipids make up cell membranes (double layer) and are amphipathic-hydrophilic and hydrophobic  \n(4) Uses- in all membranes; stored energy, protection, insulation, myelin sheath of nerves  \nc.  Proteins-C, H, O, N (may have other elements in R group)  \n(1) Monomer-amino acids (20 total types), 2=dipeptide, 3 or more= polypeptide  \n(2) Parts of amino acid= carboxyl group (COOH) on one end, amino group on the other end (NH2), central carbon and variable R group (can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic) which determines chemical properties.  \n(3) Protein Folding- shape determines function; primary= a.a. chain; secondary= beta pleated sheet or alpha helix( hydrogen bonds); tertiary=globular; folds in on itself (disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions; ionic bonding); quartenary= more than one polypeptide.  \n(4) Uses-protein carriers in cell membrane, antibodies, hemoglobin, enzymes, most hormones  \nPage 3 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review  \nd.  Nucleic acids – C, H, O, N  \n(1) Monomer= nucleotide, 2 = dinucleotide, 2 or more polynucleotide  \n(2) Nucleotide made up of sugar, phosphate and base  \n(3) Used to store genetic information  \n(4) DNA is double stranded, has deoxyribose, A, G, C, T  \n(5) RNA is single stranded, has ribose, A, G, C, U  \n(6) mRNA-copies genetic message; rRNA-attaches mRNA and makes up ribosomes (most common);tRNA-carries amino acids; DNA-carries genetic code  \n6.  Enzymes  \na. Biological catalysts (made of protein) that speed up rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy required for reaction to occur  \nb. Enzyme has active site (exposed R groups) where reaction occurs  \nc. Enzymes can break down substance (catabolic reaction) or build up substances (anabolic)  \nd. Enzyme/substrate complex is formed  \ne. Substrate is what enzyme acts on  \nf. Rate is determined by collisions between substrate and enzyme  \ng. Ends in –ase, named after substrate often  \nh. Enzyme is specific to substrate; the substrate must be complementary to the surface properties (shape and charge) of the active site (which is made up of R groups with specific chemistry, i.e. hydrophobic) .  \ni. Enzyme rate is aff","cbCaifS9TNBajq2h","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifS9TNBajq2h","pdf",2045038,56,"English","# CONCEPT 1-BIOCHEMISTRY\n## Elements, bonds, and pH\n## Water properties\n## Organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)\n## Enzymes and inhibition\n## Thinking Practice","[{\"question\":\"What are the most common elements and how are chemical bonds described?\",\"answer\":\"The guide lists CHNOPS as the most common elements in all living matter and explains ionic, covalent (polar and non-polar), hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions as key bonding ideas.\"},{\"question\":\"How do dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis relate to macromolecules?\",\"answer\":\"Dehydration synthesis links monomers into polymers by removing water. Hydrolysis breaks polymers down by adding water.\"},{\"question\":\"What determines enzyme reaction rate and how do competitive and non-competitive inhibition differ?\",\"answer\":\"Enzyme rate depends on collisions influenced by pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration (including Vmax under saturation). Competitive inhibition blocks the active site and can be overcome with more substrate, while non-competitive inhibition binds an allosteric site to change enzyme shape and cannot be overcome with more substrate.\"}]","AP Biology Exam Review Guide - Concept 1 - Biochemistry | PDF",1790666431,141]