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The new format will make the FRQs easier to read.  \nHere's what’s changing:  \n• The stimulus material for the two long FRQs will be broken down into smaller segments.  \n• In some cases, the segments of stimulus material will remain at the top of the page, ahead of the questions that students must answer.  \n• In other cases, the segments of stimulus material will be embedded as part of the question that students must answer.  \n• The stimulus material for the four short FRQs will also follow this layout when the material is particularly long.  \n© 2024 College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \nAP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: [apcentral.collegeboard.org](apcentral.collegeboard.org).  \n2021  \nAP® Biology  \nFree-Response Questions  \nNote: This document shows the updated layout for the free-response questions in Section II and is meant for example purposes only. The updated layout will appear on the 2024 exam.  \n© 2024 College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board. Visit College Board on the web: [collegeboard.org](collegeboard.org).  \nAP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: [apcentral.collegeboard.org](apcentral.collegeboard.org).  \nBIOLOGY  \nSECTION II  \nTime—1 hour and 30 minutes  \n6 Questions  \nDirections: Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 through 6 are short free-response questions that require about 10 minutes each to answer.  \nRead each question carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable.  \nYou may plan your answers in this orange booklet, but no credit will be given for anything written in this booklet.  \nYou will only earn credit for what you write in the separate Free Response booklet.  \nQuestion 1 is on the following page.  \n1. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disease that causes water loss from the body and affects cell division in the kidneys. Because water movement across cell membranes is related to ion movement, scientists investigated the role of the Na+/K+ATPase (also known as the sodium/potassium pump) in this disease. Ouabain, a steroid hormone, binds to the Na+/K+ATPase in plasma membranes.  \n(a)  \n( i ) Describe the characteristics of the plasma membrane that prevent simple diffusion of Na+ and K+ across the membrane.  \n(ii) Explain why ATP is required for the activity of the Na + / K+ATPase.  \nIndividuals with PKD have a genetic mutation that results in an increased binding of ouabain to the  \nNa+/K+ATPase. The scientists treated normal human kidney (NHK) cells and PKD cells with increasing concentrations of ouabain and measured the number of cells (Figure 1) and the activity of the Na+ / K+ATPase (Figure 2) after a period of time. The scientists hypothesized that a signal transduction pathway that includes the protein kinases MEK and ERK (Figure 3) may play a role in PKD symptoms.  \n(b)  \n(i) Identify a dependent variable in the experiment represented in Figure 1.  \n(ii) Justify the use of normal human kidney (NHK) cells as a control in the experiments.  \n(iii) Justify the use of a range ofouabain concentrations in the experiment represented in Figure 1.  \n(c)  \n(i) Based on the data shown in Figure 2, describe the relationship between the concentration of ouabain and the Na + /K+ ATPase activity both in normal human kidney (NHK) cells AND in PKD cells.  \n(ii) The scientists determined that Na + / K+ATPase activity in PKD cells treated with 1 pM ","cbCais2vQ0vjISdj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais2vQ0vjISdj","pdf",2045590,42,"English","# Section II\n## Exam timing and structure\n## Response and formatting directions\n## Question 1: PKD and Na+/K+ATPase\n## Question 2: Inheritance and glucose metabolism","[{\"question\":\"What layout change is described for the two long FRQs in the 2024 AP Biology exam?\",\"answer\":\"The stimulus material is broken into smaller segments. In some cases segments appear at the top of the page before the questions; in others they are embedded as part of the questions students must answer.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the stimulus material handled for the four short FRQs when it is especially long?\",\"answer\":\"The short FRQs follow the same layout approach as the long FRQs when the stimulus material is particularly long.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key response-format requirements for Section II questions?\",\"answer\":\"Answers must be written in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable, and planning in the orange booklet earns no credit; credit is only given for what is written in the separate free-response booklet.\"}]","AP® Biology - 2024 Free-Response Questions - Updated Layout | PDF",1790666441,106]