[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-42367-en":3,"doc-seo-42367-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},42367,7971461740909,"Levi","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Antioxidants in Plant-Microbe Interaction","Plant roots interact continuously with diverse microorganisms, ranging from harmless symbionts to pathogenic invaders, with interaction type, duration, and host responses depending on both partners. Pathogens often drive elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering oxidative stress and toxicity. Plants counter ROS through inherent defense systems, while symbionts can further enhance resistance by boosting defense-related molecules such as phytohormones and up-regulating defense genes. Antioxidants—enzymatic (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, AsA-GSH cycle components) and non-enzymatic (e.g., tocopherols, carotenoids, glutathione)—mitigate ROS-driven damage and improve stress tolerance.","Harikesh Bahadur SinghAnukool VaishnavR.Z.Sayyed Editors  \nAntioxidants inPlant-MicrobeInteraction  \nEditors  \nHarikesh Bahadur SinghDepartment of BiotechnologyGLA UniversityMathura,India  \nR.Z.Sayyed  \nDepartment of MicrobiologyPSGVP Mandal's ASC College(KBC-NMU)Shahada,India  \nISBN 978-981-16-1349-4  \nhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1350-0  \nAnukool Vaishnav  \nDepartment of BiotechnologyGLA UniversityMathura,India  \nISBN 978-981-16-1350-0 (eBook)  \nC The Editor(s)(if applicable)and The Author(s),under exclusive license to Springer Nature SingaporePte Ltd.2021  \nThis work is subject to copyright.All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher,whetherthe whole or part of the material is concerned,specifically the rights of translation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,andtransmission or information storage and retrieval,electronic adaptation,computer software,or bysimilar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.  \nThe use of general descriptive names,registered names,trademarks,service marks,etc.in this publicationdoes not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement,that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.  \nThe publisher,the authors,and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.Neither the publisher nor the authors orthe editors give a warranty,expressed or implied,with respect to the material contained herein or for anyerrors or omissions that may have been made.The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaims in published maps and institutional affiliations.  \nThis Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.The registered company address is:152 Beach Road,\\#21-01/04 Gateway East,Singapore 189721,Singapore  \n# Antioxidants in Plant-Microbe Interaction\n\nAjay Kumar Singh,Shailesh Kumar,and Trisha Sinha  \n## Abstract\n\nPlant's continuous interaction with varieties of microorganisms through its roothas been an important topic of discussion since decades.The type of interaction,duration,and changes due to interaction vary according to the type of microor-ganism and host plant both.Some of the nonpathogenic or harmlessmicroorganisms form symbiotic association with plant root with the exchangeof plant root exudates containing nutrients for those.In return,this mutualunderstanding between symbiont and plant has gifted plant with lots of improvedmechanisms to mitigate negative impacts resulted due to invasion of variousmicroorganisms.Formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)is a common andunavoidable process in all aerobic life forms,be it plant or animal.But theproblem appears when larger amount of ROS formation takes place.The rate ofROS production in plant gets faster due to occurrence of various microorganisms.Pathogenic microorganisms effect plant negatively and promote production ofROS which creates toxicity.Plants,naturally,have answer to neutralize theROS-generated toxicity through their inherent defense system but sometimesplants have to rely on some outer sources to get some extra strength to face thechallenges due to pathogen attack.Symbionts have been reported to boost thenatural defense system in plants through directly helping in more production andup-regulation of defense-related molecules like phytohormones,genes,etc.Need-less to say,antioxidants are molecules that are continuously dedicated to mini-mize oxidative stress due to ROS generation and their toxicity.Theseantioxidants,viz.enzymes(catalase,superoxide dismutase,enzyme componentsof AsA-GSH cycle,etc.)and nonenzyme (tocopherols,carotenoids,glutathione,  \netc.)compounds help plant stand in stressful situation through thoroughly givingsupport to plant in providing defense.Changes due to pathogen attack in plantand h","cbCaigeBj8jMi7Ik","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigeBj8jMi7Ik","pdf",4296463,7,1,20,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## 1.1 Introduction","[{\"question\":\"How do plant roots interact with microorganisms?\",\"answer\":\"Plant roots continuously contact diverse microorganisms, and the interaction outcome varies with the microorganism type and the host plant. Harmless microbes can form symbiotic associations, while pathogens create unfavorable conditions for the plant.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does ROS production increase during pathogen attack?\",\"answer\":\"Pathogenic microorganisms negatively affect the plant and promote increased ROS production. Higher ROS levels lead to oxidative stress and toxicity that can damage plant tissues.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do antioxidants play in defending plants?\",\"answer\":\"Antioxidants minimize oxidative stress caused by ROS and support plant defense under stressful conditions. They include enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase and superoxide dismutase and non-enzymatic compounds such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and glutathione.\"}]",1783351376,50,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"antioxidants-in-plant-microbe-interaction","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/antioxidants-in-plant-microbe-interaction/42367/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-15","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How do plant roots interact with microorganisms?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Plant roots continuously contact diverse microorganisms, and the interaction outcome varies with the microorganism type and the host plant. Harmless microbes can form symbiotic associations, while pathogens create unfavorable conditions for the plant.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Why does ROS production increase during pathogen attack?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Pathogenic microorganisms negatively affect the plant and promote increased ROS production. Higher ROS levels lead to oxidative stress and toxicity that can damage plant tissues.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What role do antioxidants play in defending plants?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Antioxidants minimize oxidative stress caused by ROS and support plant defense under stressful conditions. They include enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase and superoxide dismutase and non-enzymatic compounds such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and glutathione.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,115,119,122,126,129,133],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":114},6,"Technology","technology",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":125},9,"Religion & Spirituality","religion-spirituality",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":128},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":132},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]