[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-330809-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-330809-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","antioxidant-enzymes-and-their-potential-use-in-breast-cancer-treatment","Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Potential Use in Breast Cancer Treatment","","Breast cancer is highlighted as the leading and most deadly cancer among women worldwide, driven in part by stress-related mechanisms that reshape cellular behavior. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate signaling pathways that create inflammatory conditions, suppress programmed cell death, and promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Antioxidant defenses—especially antioxidant enzymes—neutralize ROS-mediated oxidative damage. The review summarizes how key enzymes can inhibit or support carcinogenesis and outlines emerging therapeutic strategies to complement conventional treatment.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/antioxidant-enzymes-and-their-potential-use-in-breast-cancer-treatment/330809/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/antioxidant-enzymes-and-their-potential-use-in-breast-cancer-treatment/330809.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Violet","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How do reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to breast cancer progression?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"ROS activate multiple signal transduction pathways and promote an inflammatory environment. This suppresses programmed cell death and supports tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which antioxidant enzymes are discussed as protective systems against oxidative damage?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review highlights superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and peroxiredoxin (Prx).",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What therapeutic directions are proposed in relation to enzymatic antioxidants?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review discusses mechanisms by which enzymatic antioxidants can inhibit or promote carcinogenesis and introduces new therapeutic proposals intended to complement traditional treatments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},330809,1790088391,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},4398048950312,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908","Review  \nAntioxidant Enzymes and Their Potential Use in Breast Cancer Treatment  \nMaría Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros 1, Héctor Vázquez-Meza 1, Melissa Vázquez-Carrada 2, Daniel Uribe-Ramírez 3 and Deyamira Matuz-Mares 1, *  \nCitation: Vilchis-Landeros, M.M.; Vázquez-Meza, H.; Vázquez-Carrada, M.; Uribe-Ramírez, D.; Matuz-Mares, D. Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Potential Use in Breast Cancer Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5675. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms25115675  \nAcademic Editors: Nada Orsolic and Maja Jazvinš´cak Jembrek  \nReceived: 16 April 2024  \nRevised: 20 May 2024  \nAccepted: 20 May 2024  \nPublished: 23 May 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; [vilchisl@unam.mx](vilchisl@unam.mx) (M.M.V.-L.); [hvazquez@bq.unam.mx](hvazquez@bq.unam.mx) (H.V.-M.)  \n2 Institute of Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; [m.vazquez-carrada@hhu.de](m.vazquez-carrada@hhu.de)  \n3 Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico; [daniel.uriberam@gmail.com](daniel.uriberam@gmail.com)  \n* Correspondence: [deya@bq.unam.mx](deya@bq.unam.mx); Tel.: +52-55-5623-2168  \nAbstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer (BC) is the deadliest and the most common type of cancer worldwide in women. Several factors associated with BC exert their effects by modulating the state of stress. They can induce genetic mutations or alterations in cell growth, encouraging neoplastic development and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) . ROS are able to activate many signal transduction pathways, producing an inflammatory environment that leads to the suppression of programmed cell death and the promotion of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis; these effects promote the development and progression of malignant neoplasms. However, cells have both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems that protect them by neutralizing the harmful effects of ROS. In this sense, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and peroxiredoxin (Prx) protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative damage. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms through which some enzymatic antioxidants inhibit or promote carcinogenesis, as well as the new therapeutic proposals developed to complement traditional treatments.  \nKeywords: antioxidant; breast cancer; superoxide dismutase; catalase; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; thioredoxin reductase; peroxiredoxin  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is a crucial factor reducing life expectancy. In 2022, 19.96 million new cases and almost 10 million deaths caused by cancer were recorded [1] . Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes breast cancer (BC) as the most common type of cancer on a global scale [2] . In 2022, according to the United Nations, BC was reported as the cancer with the highest incidence, with 2.29 million new cases, representing 11.5% of all cancer diagnoses worldwide [3,4] .  \nIn Latin America, BC is the most common and the deadliest cancer in women as well. In 2022, the recorded incidence was 114","cbCairIDdFk6gi82","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairIDdFk6gi82","pdf",1534042,29,"English","# Introduction\n## Breast cancer burden and epidemiology\n## Oxidative stress, ROS, and signaling pathways","[{\"question\":\"How do reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to breast cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"ROS activate multiple signal transduction pathways and promote an inflammatory environment. This suppresses programmed cell death and supports tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"Which antioxidant enzymes are discussed as protective systems against oxidative damage?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and peroxiredoxin (Prx).\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic directions are proposed in relation to enzymatic antioxidants?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses mechanisms by which enzymatic antioxidants can inhibit or promote carcinogenesis and introduces new therapeutic proposals intended to complement traditional treatments.\"}]","Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Potential Use in Breast Cancer Treatment | PDF",1789990247,73]