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An injectable antibiotic nanozyme hydrogel depot (ANHD) was developed for single-dose BK therapy. Cerium nitrate and gatifloxacin were used to synthesize a Cegatifloxacin nanozyme, then embedded into an injectable xanthan-PEG hydrogel via Schiff base linkages. The hierarchical composite provides antibacterial activity, ROS scavenging, promotion of corneal wound healing, and reinforcement of corneal mechanics. In a murine MDR keratitis model, a single ANHD stromal injection achieved complete bacterial eradication, reduced inflammation, and accelerated epithelial repair, supporting its potential for ocular infectious disease 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are current antibiotics insufficient for bacterial keratitis?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Conventional antibiotics are limited by multidrug-resistant strains and by systemic toxicity or poor compliance that can result from frequent dosing for local treatment.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is the injectable antibiotic nanozyme hydrogel depot (ANHD) constructed?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"ANHD is prepared by synthesizing Cegatifloxacin nanozyme via metal-organic coordination between cerium nitrate and gatifloxacin, then co-precipitation, followed by incorporation of the nanozyme into an injectable xanthan-PEG hydrogel formed through Schiff base linkages.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What therapeutic effects does ANHD show in the murine MDR keratitis model?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Single injection of ANHD into the corneal stroma results in effective treatment with complete bacterial eradication, significant inflammation reduction, and accelerated epithelial repair.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},415677,1790645999,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Materials Today Bio 36 (2026) 102602  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nMaterials Today Bio  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-today-bio)[ www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-today-bio](homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/materials-today-bio)  \n| Antibiotic nanozyme hydrogel depot for single-injection MDR bacterial keratitis therapy via localized antibacterial, pro-healing and\u003Cbr>corneal reinforcement\u003Cbr>Hongwei Wang a,c,d,1 , Yuxin Liu a,b,d,1, Li Ma a,c,d, Xiaoyan Sun a,c,\u003Cbr>Na Li a,b,d, Xin Sui a,e, Xia Qi a,c,d, Shengqian Dou a,c,d, Tan Li a,c,d, Weiyun Shi a,b,d,*, Ting Wang a,b,d,** \u003Cbr>a State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China b Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China\u003Cbr>c Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China d School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China e The First School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Hydrogel\u003Cbr>Corneal cross-linking Nanozyme Multidrug-resistant Bacterial keratitis |  | Bacterial keratitis (BK), a severe ocular infection caused by pathogenic bacterial invasion, requires urgent therapeutic development due to the limitations of conventional antibiotics, such as drug resistance and systemic toxicity caused by frequent dosing. To address these challenges, we developed an injectable antibiotic nanozyme hydrogel depot (ANHD) for single-dose therapy of BK. The ANHD was prepared by synthesizing the Cegatifloxacin nanozyme (CGN, ~1.26 nm) through metal-organic coordination between cerium nitrate and gatifloxacin, followed by co-precipitation, and subsequently incorporating CGN into an injectable xanthan-PEG hydrogel constructed via Schiff base linkages. The resulting hierarchical composite exhibited multiple functional synergistic effects, including antibacterial activity, reactive oxygen species (O⋅2-/H2O2/⋅OH) scavenging activity, promotion of corneal wound healing, and reinforcement of corneal mechanical strength. Furthermore, nanozymes and hydrogels were ubiquitous in the corneal stroma and could exert their functions without penetration across the corneal surface, which distinguished them from the eye drop formulations. In a murine model, single injection of ANHD into corneal stroma effectively treated multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis, with complete bacterial eradication, significant inflammation reduction, and accelerated epithelial repair. These results demonstrated the potential of ANHD in the treatment of ocular infectious diseases. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nBacterial keratitis (BK) represents a severe ocular infection primarily caused by the invasion of pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia species [1,2]. When corneal trauma or ocular pathologies compromise the corneal natural defense barriers, bacterial pathogens rapidly colonize the corneal tissue. These invading microorganisms produce an array of virulence factors, including toxins,  \nproteases, and adhesins, that collectively drive the progression of aggressive infectious keratitis. The infectious process triggers a robust inflammatory response characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to corneal tissue damage. Ocular redness, pain, and blurred vision are the typical clinical manifestations. Without prompt intervention, the disease may progress to severe complications such as corneal ulceration, scarring, perforation, and ultimately permanent vision loss [3,4]. Currently, fluoroquinolone antibiotics,  \n* Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.  \n** Corresponding author. Stat","cbCaio54mH8P0Jfm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio54mH8P0Jfm","pdf",29278691,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and clinical challenges of bacterial keratitis\n## Antibiotic resistance and the need for new therapies\n## Nanozymes and their biomedical potential","[{\"question\":\"Why are current antibiotics insufficient for bacterial keratitis?\",\"answer\":\"Conventional antibiotics are limited by multidrug-resistant strains and by systemic toxicity or poor compliance that can result from frequent dosing for local treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the injectable antibiotic nanozyme hydrogel depot (ANHD) constructed?\",\"answer\":\"ANHD is prepared by synthesizing Cegatifloxacin nanozyme via metal-organic coordination between cerium nitrate and gatifloxacin, then co-precipitation, followed by incorporation of the nanozyme into an injectable xanthan-PEG hydrogel formed through Schiff base linkages.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic effects does ANHD show in the murine MDR keratitis model?\",\"answer\":\"Single injection of ANHD into the corneal stroma results in effective treatment with complete bacterial eradication, significant inflammation reduction, and accelerated epithelial repair.\"}]","Antibiotic nanozyme hydrogel depot for single-injection MDR bacterial keratitis therapy via localized antibacterial, pro-healing and corneal reinforcement | PDF",1790602399,48]