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Dendritic cells (DCs) act as antigen-presenting cells with roles in innate and adaptive immunity, and Toxoplasma gondii shows anti-tumor activity in some cancers. This study evaluated whether T. gondii or DC vaccines (DCV), prepared by pulsing DCs with breast cancer lysate antigens and T. gondii lysate antigens, affect tumor growth. In C57BL/6 mice, tumor size was markedly reduced by T. gondii infection, and further reduced by adding antigen-pulsed DCs, accompanied by elevated IFN-γ, IgG2a, and CD8+ T cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA decreased with live T. gondii, lysate antigen, or DCV, supporting Th1-driven anti-tumor effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/anti-tumor-effects-of-toxoplasma-gondii-and-antigen-pulsed-dendritic-cells-in-mice-bearing-breast-cancer/369272/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/anti-tumor-effects-of-toxoplasma-gondii-and-antigen-pulsed-dendritic-cells-in-mice-bearing-breast-cancer/369272.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Levi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the main goal of this study in the breast cancer mouse model?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To evaluate the anti-tumor effects of Toxoplasma gondii and antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCV) in mice bearing breast cancer, including impacts on tumor growth and immune responses.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the mice treated in the experiments?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Mice received subcutaneous E0771 breast cancer cells, oral T. gondii Me49 cysts, and/or intraperitoneal antigen-pulsed dendritic cells prepared with breast cancer lysate antigens and T. gondii lysate antigens.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What immune and molecular changes supported the anti-tumor effects?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"DCV- and T. gondii-treated groups showed higher IFN-γ, elevated serum IgG2a, increased CD8+ T cell populations, and decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions compared with appropriate controls.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},369272,1790624090,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):37-49  \n[https//doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24082](https//doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24082) Original Article  \npISSN 2982-5164 • eISSN 2982-6799  \nAnti-tumor effectsof Toxoplasma gondii and   \nantigen-pulsed dendritic cells in mice bearing breast cancer  \nBong Kyun Kim1,† , Hei Gwon Choi2,3,† , Jae-Hyung Lee2,4,† , In Wook Choi4 , Jae-Min Yuk2,4 , Guang-Ho Cha2,4 , Young-Ha Lee2,4,*   \n1Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 34943, Korea; 2Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34956, Korea; 3Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 34956, Korea; 4Department of Medical Science and Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 34956, Korea  \nReceived: 9 September 2024  \nAccepted: 10 October 2024  \n*Correspondence  \n([yhalee@cnu.ac.kr](yhalee@cnu.ac.kr))  \n†These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nCitation  \nKim BK, Choi HG, Lee JH, Choi IW, Yuk JM, Cha GH, Lee YH.  \nAnti-tumor effects of Toxoplasma gondii and antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in mice bearing breast cancer.  \nParasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):37-49.  \n© 2025 The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([https://creativecom](https://creativecom)[mons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0](mons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nAbstract  \nCancer immunotherapy is widely used to treat various cancers to augment the weakened host immune response against tumors. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play dual roles in inducing innate and adaptive immunity. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that exhibits anti-tumor activity against certain types of cancers. However, little is known about the anti-tumor effects of T. gondii or tumor/parasite antigen-pulsed DCs (DC vaccines, DCV) in breast cancer. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were administered E0771 mouse breast cancer cells (Cancer-injected) subcutaneously, T. gondii Me49 cysts orally (TG-injected), or DCs pulsed with breast cancer cell lysate antigen and T. gondii lysate antigens (DCV-injected) intraperitoneally. Tumor size and immunological characteristics were subsequently evaluated. We also evaluated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 levels in E0771 mouse breast cancer cells co-cultured with T. gondii or DCs by RT-PCR. The tumor volumes of mice injected with breast cancer cells and antigen-pulsed DCs (Cancer/DCV-injected mice) were similar to those of Cancer-injected mice; however, they were significantly reduced in T. gondii-infected tumor-bearing (TG/Cancer-injected) mice. Moreover, tumor volumes were significantly reduced by adding antigen-pulsed DCs (TG/Cancer/DCV-injected mice) compared to TG/Cancer-injected mice. The levels of IFN-γ, serum IgG2a levels, and CD8+ T cell populations were significantly higher in DCV-and TG-injected mice than in control mice, while no significant differences between Cancer-and Cancer/DCV-injected mice were observed. The levels of IFN-γ, the IgG2a levels, and the percentage of CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in TG/Cancer-and TG/Cancer/DCV-injected mice than in Cancer-injected mice. IFN-γ levels and serum IgG2a levels were further increased in TG/Cancer/DCV-injected mice than in TG/Cancer-injected mice. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased in mouse breast cancer cells co-cultured with live T. gondii, T. gondii lysate antigen, or antigen-pulsed DCs (DCV) but not in inactivated DCs. These results indicate that T. gondii induces anti-tumor effects in breast cancer-bearing mice through the induction of strong Th1 immun","cbCainu8HaNlHOHm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainu8HaNlHOHm","pdf",848036,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Author contributions\n# Conflict of interest\n# ORCID","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of this study in the breast cancer mouse model?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the anti-tumor effects of Toxoplasma gondii and antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCV) in mice bearing breast cancer, including impacts on tumor growth and immune responses.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the mice treated in the experiments?\",\"answer\":\"Mice received subcutaneous E0771 breast cancer cells, oral T. gondii Me49 cysts, and/or intraperitoneal antigen-pulsed dendritic cells prepared with breast cancer lysate antigens and T. gondii lysate antigens.\"},{\"question\":\"What immune and molecular changes supported the anti-tumor effects?\",\"answer\":\"DCV- and T. gondii-treated groups showed higher IFN-γ, elevated serum IgG2a, increased CD8+ T cell populations, and decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions compared with appropriate controls.\"}]","Anti-tumor effects of Toxoplasma gondii and antigen-pulsed dendritic cells in mice bearing breast cancer | PDF",1790181678,33]