[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-356962-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-356962-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","anti-pd-1-blockade-reverses-low-intensity-electric-stimulation-driven-pancreatic-cancer-progression","Anti-PD-1 blockade reverses low-intensity electric stimulation-driven pancreatic cancer progression","","Irreversible electroporation (IRE) can generate uneven electric fields, leaving some pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells exposed to low-intensity electric stimulation (LIES). This study established orthotopic PDAC models to characterize immune microenvironment changes after LIES and assessed combined therapy with anti-PD-1 blockade. In vitro and in vivo analyses showed that anti-PD-1 blockade reversed LIES-driven tumor progression and enhanced CD8+ T cell activation. Mechanistically, LIES activated the JAK2–STAT3 pathway and induced PD-L1 expression in PDAC cells.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/anti-pd-1-blockade-reverses-low-intensity-electric-stimulation-driven-pancreatic-cancer-progression/356962/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/anti-pd-1-blockade-reverses-low-intensity-electric-stimulation-driven-pancreatic-cancer-progression/356962.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"eBook King","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is the key problem addressed by combining LIES/IRE with anti-PD-1 blockade?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Electric field heterogeneity during IRE can expose PDAC cells to LIES, leading to incomplete control and tumor progression. Anti-PD-1 blockade was tested to counteract this progression and immune suppression.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How were immune changes after LIES characterized?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Tumor immune microenvironment remodeling was profiled using flow cytometry, multicolor immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), with additional bulk RNA sequencing for mechanism support.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What mechanism links LIES to PD-L1 expression in PDAC cells?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"LIES activated the JAK2–STAT3 pathway, which induced PD-L1 expression in PDAC cells, providing a basis for how anti-PD-1 can reverse tumor-promoting effects.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},356962,1790179369,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":127,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 19 May 2026  \nDOI 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1793161  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nGaurisankar Sa,  \nBose Institute, India  \nREVIEWED BY  \nZhuozhuo Wu,  \nShanghai Jiao Tong University, China Sarah Mansouri,  \nUniversite´ de Sherbrooke, Canada  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nShengping Li  \n [lishengp@mail.sysu.edu.cn](lishengp@mail.sysu.edu.cn)[ ](lishengp@mail.sysu.edu.cn)Chaobin He  \n [hechb@sysucc.org.cn](hechb@sysucc.org.cn)  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work  \nRECEIVED 21 January 2026  \nREVISED 24 April 2026  \nACCEPTED 30 April 2026  \nPUBLISHED 19 May 2026  \nCITATION  \nJiang L, Li X, Zeng D, Xi P, Yao Z, Zhu Q,  \nLian S, Li S and He C (2026) Anti-PD-1 blockade reverses low-intensity electric stimulation-driven pancreatic cancer progression.  \nFront. Immunol. 17:1793161 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1793161  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2026 Jiang, Li, Zeng, Xi, Yao, Zhu, Lian, Li and He. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the  \nCreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nAnti-PD-1 blockade reverseslow-intensity electric stimulation-driven pancreatic cancer progression  \nLingmin Jiang 1†, Xiyuan Li 2†, Dejun Zeng 3†, Pu Xi 4†, Zehui Yao 1†, Qi Zhu 1, Shaopu Lian 1, Shengping Li 1* and Chaobin He 1*  \n1 Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 2 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 3 Department of General Surgery, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, 4 Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China  \nBackground: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) represents a potential therapeutic approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) . However, differences in tumor size and shape can lead to an uneven distribution of the electric field, causing certain cells to receive only low-intensity electric stimulation (LIES) . This study aimed to explore the tumor immune microenvironment following LIES and evaluate the synergistic antitumor effects of LIES combined with anti-PD- 1 blockade.  \nMethods: Orthotopic PDAC models in mice were treated with LIES with or without anti-PD-1 blockade. In vitro assays under varying electric fields assessed tumor cell viability, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) . Tumor immune microenvironment remodeling was comprehensively profiled using flow cytometry, multicolor immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing (sc RNA-seq) . The underlying mechanism was further investigated via bulk RNA sequencing and validated in vitro.  \nResults: Orthotopic PDAC models were established and utilized for the first time to evaluate the immune modulation and macrophage polarization effects of LIES. Cell-based assays were conducted to assess the impact of varying field strengthson cell proliferation and migration. Anti-PD-1 blockade reversed the tumor growth and systemic antitumor responses following the LIES. Flow cytometry, multicolor immunofluorescence, and scRNA-seq revealed that combination therapy amplified CD8+ T cell activation. Further bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that LIES activated the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, inducing expression of PD-L1 in PDAC cells.  \nConclusions: Anti-PD-1 blockade can reverse LIES-driven t","cbCaitWHV6ypp1jW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitWHV6ypp1jW","pdf",7336160,"English","# Introduction\n# Background and Rationale\n# Methods\n## In vivo model and treatment\n## In vitro assays\n## Immune profiling and sequencing\n# Results\n## Model establishment and immune modulation\n## Effects on tumor growth and responses\n## Pathway and PD-L1 regulation\n# Conclusions\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What is the key problem addressed by combining LIES/IRE with anti-PD-1 blockade?\",\"answer\":\"Electric field heterogeneity during IRE can expose PDAC cells to LIES, leading to incomplete control and tumor progression. Anti-PD-1 blockade was tested to counteract this progression and immune suppression.\"},{\"question\":\"How were immune changes after LIES characterized?\",\"answer\":\"Tumor immune microenvironment remodeling was profiled using flow cytometry, multicolor immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), with additional bulk RNA sequencing for mechanism support.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanism links LIES to PD-L1 expression in PDAC cells?\",\"answer\":\"LIES activated the JAK2–STAT3 pathway, which induced PD-L1 expression in PDAC cells, providing a basis for how anti-PD-1 can reverse tumor-promoting effects.\"}]","Anti-PD-1 blockade reverses low-intensity electric stimulation-driven pancreatic cancer progression | PDF",1790128450,48]