[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-374133-105":59,"doc-detail-374133-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","anti-oxidant-and-anti-cancer-properties-of-flaxseed","Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Flaxseed","","Bioactive molecules found in plant products shape their health-promoting properties. This review focuses on seeds of common flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), used for over 6000 years, and evaluates evidence from 117 scientific articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library (1997–2024). Flaxseeds contain nutrients and bioactives—omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, isoflavones, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals—supporting digestive function and contributing to anti-cancer effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/anti-oxidant-and-anti-cancer-properties-of-flaxseed/374133/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/anti-oxidant-and-anti-cancer-properties-of-flaxseed/374133.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the scope of the review on flaxseed?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The review summarizes findings from 117 scientific articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library, published from 1997 to 2024.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which bioactive nutrients in flaxseed are highlighted for health benefits?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It emphasizes essential omega-3 fatty acids (including α-linolenic acid/ALA), lignans, isoflavones, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does flaxseed relate to anti-cancer properties?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review states that the presence of these bioactive compounds in flaxseeds provides anti-cancer properties and discusses supporting mechanisms in the context of digestive and systemic effects.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},374133,1790443337,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","Review  \nAnti-Oxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Flaxseed  \nAgnieszka Ewa Stepie ´n 1, Julia Trojniak 2 and Jacek Tabarkiewicz 3, *  \nAcademic Editor: José A. Lupiáñez  \nReceived: 12 September 2024  \nRevised: 12 December 2024  \nAccepted: 28 January 2025  \nPublished: 30 January 2025  \nCitation: Stepie ´n, A.E.; Trojniak, J.; Tabarkiewicz, J. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Flaxseed. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1226 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms26031226  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; [agstepien@ur.edu.pl](agstepien@ur.edu.pl)  \n2 Student’s Scientific Club of Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; [jt117576@stud.ur.edu.pl](jt117576@stud.ur.edu.pl)  \n3 Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland  \n* [Correspondence: jtabarkiewicz@ur.edu.pl](Correspondence: jtabarkiewicz@ur.edu.pl); Tel.: +48-851-68-07  \nAbstract: Bioactive molecules present in plant products determine their very valuable health-promoting properties. Among the plants, due to these properties, particular attention is paid to the seeds of common flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), which have been used for over 6000 years and are known for their benefits. A review of 117 scientific articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library, published between 1997 and 2024, was conducted. These seeds are characterized by a high content of valuable nutrients, such as essential omega-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, isoflavones, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals that influence the digestive system function and have anti-cancer properties. The presence of these bioactive compounds in flaxseeds provide anti-cancer properties.  \nKeywords: flaxseed; linseed; common flax; superfoods; Linum usitatissimum  \n1. Introduction  \nCommon flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), belonging to the flax family (Linaceae), is oneof the oldest cultivated plants in the world. It is estimated that cultivation in the Middle East dates back to around 9000 BC [1] . Flax is an annual, blue herb that grows in temperate climates, including Europe, Asia, and North Africa [2,3] . Each part of the linseed plant can be used for a range of purposes, including industrial and culinary uses, as well as animal feed [4] . Flax can be cultivated in two forms, depending on the climatic conditions: oily (Linum usitatissimum L. var. brevimulticaulis Vav.) and fibrous (Linum usitatissimum L. var. elongatum Vav.) [2,5] . Furthermore, flax comes in two varieties: brown and golden. Golden flax thrives in very cold climates, while brown flax thrives in warmer, more humid climates [6] . Common flax produces small flat and oval seeds with pointed tips that range from golden yellow to reddish brown in color [3,7]—Figure 1. The seed coat of flaxseed consists of a true husk (also known as the kernel), a thin endosperm, and two embryos [8] . Flaxseed has a crunchy texture and a nutty, slightly spicy taste [3,8] .  \nFlaxseed (linseed) is a traditional ingredient in the human diet. It is widely known that linseeds have historically been used as a source of fiber and oil. Still, their exceptional nutritional properties have gained popularity as an important dietary ingredient. More people are becoming aware of flaxseeds’ health-promoting benefits after being used mostly for industrial purposes for dec","cbCaimDYCu5tNbqb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimDYCu5tNbqb","pdf",1200490,"English","# Introduction\n## Flaxseed as a traditional dietary ingredient\n## Nutrients and bioactive compounds\n## Reported health benefits (cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, metabolic)\n## Considerations for specific populations","[{\"question\":\"What is the scope of the review on flaxseed?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes findings from 117 scientific articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library, published from 1997 to 2024.\"},{\"question\":\"Which bioactive nutrients in flaxseed are highlighted for health benefits?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes essential omega-3 fatty acids (including α-linolenic acid/ALA), lignans, isoflavones, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals.\"},{\"question\":\"How does flaxseed relate to anti-cancer properties?\",\"answer\":\"The review states that the presence of these bioactive compounds in flaxseeds provides anti-cancer properties and discusses supporting mechanisms in the context of digestive and systemic effects.\"}]","Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Flaxseed | PDF",1790201183,48]