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The specimen is assigned to Myrmecarchaea using elongated legs, a slightly elongated pedicel with lateral spurs, and a diastema between coxae III and IV, resembling M. antecessor from Oise amber. Prior records of the genus occur in Baltic and Oise amber. Because exuviae lack adult and distinctive species traits, no new taxon is erected. This finding extends the family’s and genus’s distribution to 50–52 million years ago, supporting early Eocene affinities between India and the Palearctic rather than Gondwanan isolation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/another-laurasian-connection-in-the-early-eocene-of-india-myrmecarchaea-spiders-araneae-archaeidae/139021/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/another-laurasian-connection-in-the-early-eocene-of-india-myrmecarchaea-spiders-araneae-archaeidae/139021.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-17","2026-08-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What fossil evidence from India is reported in this paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper documents the first fossil Archaeidae from Cambay amber in India as a spider exuvium of Eocene age.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is the exuvium assigned to Myrmecarchaea?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It is placed in Myrmecarchaea based on elongated legs, the pedicel morphology with lateral spurs, and a diastema between coxae III and IV matching Myrmecarchaea, particularly M. antecessor from Oise amber.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is no new taxon established?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because the inclusion is a molt exuvium that lacks adult and distinct species-specific diagnostic features, a new taxon is not erected.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},139021,1787494179,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","ZooKeys 1071: 49–61 (2021)  \ndoi: 10.3897/zookeys. 1071.72515  \n[https://zookeys.pensoft.net](https://zookeys.pensoft.net)  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nA peer-reviewed open-access journal  \nLaunched to accelerate biodiversity research  \nAnother Laurasian connection in the Early Eocene of India: Myrmecarchaea spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae)  \nHannah M. Wood 1, Hukam Singh2, David A. Grimaldi3  \n1 Department of Entomology, NationalMuseum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA 2 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow 226007, India 3 Division of Invertebrate  \nZoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA Corresponding author: Hannah M. Wood ([woodh@si.edu](woodh@si.edu))  \n\n| Academic editor: Miquel Arnedo | Received 2 August 2021 | Accepted 30 September 2021 | Published 17 November 2021 |\n| --- |\n| [http://zoobank.org/236EEE61-2137-4E30-9010-5DFCDA7DFD2E](http://zoobank.org/236EEE61-2137-4E30-9010-5DFCDA7DFD2E) |\n| Citation: Wood HM, Singh H, Grimaldi DA (2021) Another Laurasian connection in the Early Eocene of India: Myrmecarchaea spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae). ZooKeys 1071: 49–61. [https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.72515](https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.72515) |\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>The first fossil Archaeidae in Cambay amber from India, of Eocene age, is documented. The inclusion is a spider exuvium and is placed as Myrmecarchaea based on the presence of elongated legs, a slightly elongated pedicel with lateral spurs, and a diastema between coxae III and IV that is similar to M. antecessor from Oise amber. The previous occurrences ofthe genus are from Baltic and Oise amber, both of Eocene age. Because most spiders, including Archaeidae, only molt as juveniles, the exuvium does not have adult features nor have distinct species-specific features, and a new taxon is not erected. This new record further extends the distribution of the family and genus to India 50–52 million years ago. Myrmecarchaea in Indian Cambay amber provides additional evidence that India in the Early Eocene had affinities with the Palearctic mainland rather than showing Gondwanan insularity.\u003Cbr>Keywords\u003Cbr>Biogeography, exuvium, pelican spider, systematic paleontology, Ypresian\u003Cbr>Introduction\u003Cbr>Archaeidae Koch & Berendt, 1854 was initially described from fossils in Baltic amber of Eocene age. Decades later, extant species were discovered in the forests of Madagascar (Pickard-Cambridge 1881), and then were also found and documented from South Africa and Australia (Forster and Platnick 1984) . The number of extant species contin- |\n\nCopyright Hannah M. Wood et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \n50 Hannah M. Wood et al. / ZooKeys 1071: 49–61 (2021)  \nues to grow due to taxonomic revision, some recent (e.g., Lotz 2015; Wood and Scharff 2018) . Yet thus far, the extant clades remain known only from these three areas. The fossil record has also expanded, not only in new species, but from new deposits from different parts of the world. Presently archaeid species have been described from the following deposits, ordered chronologically in geological time: Bitterfeld amber, age controversial, but likely middle Eocene (Wolfe et al. 2016; Dunlop et al. 2018); Baltic amber from the “Blue Earth” stratum (which yields much but not all commercial Baltic amber) is of mid-Eocene (Lutetian) age (Ritzkowski 1997); French Oise amber of lower Eocene age (Nel et al. 1999); Burmese amber of Late Cretaceous age (Shi et al. 2012); compression fossils from Inner Mongolia of Late Jurassic age (Huang 2019), and from Kazakhstan dated as Late Jurassic (Doludenko et al. 1990) . The fossil record for archaeids is extensive compared to most other spiders, spanning deep geological time and large geographical dist","cbCaili5Y6dRYVgE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaili5Y6dRYVgE","pdf",2104576,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods","[{\"question\":\"What fossil evidence from India is reported in this paper?\",\"answer\":\"The paper documents the first fossil Archaeidae from Cambay amber in India as a spider exuvium of Eocene age.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the exuvium assigned to Myrmecarchaea?\",\"answer\":\"It is placed in Myrmecarchaea based on elongated legs, the pedicel morphology with lateral spurs, and a diastema between coxae III and IV matching Myrmecarchaea, particularly M. antecessor from Oise amber.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is no new taxon established?\",\"answer\":\"Because the inclusion is a molt exuvium that lacks adult and distinct species-specific diagnostic features, a new taxon is not erected.\"}]","Another Laurasian connection in the Early Eocene of India - Myrmecarchaea spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) | PDF",33]