[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-411948-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-411948-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","animal-physiology-theoretical-lecture-8-the-digestive-system","Animal Physiology Theoretical Lecture 8 - The Digestive System","","A theoretical lecture on the digestive system covering its continuous alimentary canal from the oral cavity to the anus and the accessory organs that support chemical transformation and nutrient availability. The content explains the division into upper and lower GI tracts, outlines three core functions of digestion, absorption, and elimination, and traces food movement from mastication through peristalsis to stomach storage and enzymatic breakdown. It further details key sphincters and introduces accessory organs and salivary glands.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/animal-physiology-theoretical-lecture-8-the-digestive-system/411948/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/animal-physiology-theoretical-lecture-8-the-digestive-system/411948.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Alexandar","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What structures make up the digestive system described in the lecture?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The digestive system consists of a continuous alimentary canal (GI tract) from the oral cavity to the anus, complemented by accessory organs that convert food and fluids into a form the body can absorb.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the lecture describe the division of the GI tract?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It divides the GI tract into upper and lower sections: the upper GI tract includes the oral cavity, oesophagus, and stomach, while the lower GI tract includes the intestines.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What are the three main functions of the digestive system?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The digestive system performs digestion, absorption, and elimination.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},411948,1790674134,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":102,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090768658,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","College of Science  \nAnimal Physiology Theoretical Lecture 8  \nDr.Sarah Kamil  \n2024-2025  \nThe Digestive System  \nThe digestive system is composed of a continuous tract beginning with the oral cavity and ending at the anus. This tract, called the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is complemented by accessory organs that convert food and fluids into a form that permits the body to absorb nutrients.  \nThe food we eat contains a variety of nutrients, which are used for building new body tissues and repairing damaged tissues. Food is also vital to life because it is our only source of chemical energy.  \nThe GI tract is divided into two sections:  \nthe upper GI tract, which consists of the oral  \ncavity (mouth), oesophagus, and stomach, and the lower GI tract, which consists of the intestines.  \nThe three main functions of the digestive system are digestion, absorption, and elimination. The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Digestion  \nbegins in the oral cavity where food is broken apart by mastication, which is a technical term for chewing. Saliva produced by the salivary glands moistens the food  \nFrom the pharynx, the food bolus passes into the oesophagus where it is lubricated with mucus before being carried into the stomach by wavelike muscular contractions called peristalsis [from the Greek word peristaltiko (clasping and compressing)] .  \nThe cardiac sphincter (from the Greek word sphingein: to bind tight) is a ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the oesophagus into the stomach.  \nThe stomach is the center of the system, both physically and functionally. Its first job is to act asa temporary storage place for the food while it does its second job: secreting acid and enzymes to help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.  \nThe partially digested food (chyme) passes through the pyloric sphincter, a muscle at the distal end of the stomach, and into the duodenum.  \nThe Lower Gastrointestinal Tract  \nThe lower GI tract begins with the small intestine, which extends from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine. Although it is about 20 feet in length, it is known as the small intestine because it is smaller in diameter than the large intestine.  \nThe small intestine is divided into three parts:  \nthe duodenum [from the Greek dodekadaktylon (12 fingers long)], jejunum [from the Latin word jejunus (empty, fasting, hungry), and ileum [a Latin word meaning “flank, groin”] . From the duodenum, chyme moves into the jejunum and from there into the ileum. Theileocecal sphincter controls the flow from the ileum into the cecum, the first part of the large intestine.  \nAccessory Organs  \nThe salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, although not part of the alimentary canal, play a key role in the digestive system.  \n1-Salivary Glands  \nThe senses of taste and smell stimulate the salivary glands to secrete saliva, a watery liquid that contains enzymes that begin the digestive process. Saliva also helps eliminate bacteria in the mouth and keeps the teeth and tongue clean.  \nThere are three types of salivary gland :  \n1-Parotid gland : Is the largest of the three major pairs of salivary glands. It is a serous gland and located anteriorly and inferiorly to the ear between the skin and the masseter muscle of chewing. The parotids produce about 25% of saliva and it is a serous (watery) secretion which is also rich in proteins.  \n2-Submandibular gland: is a serous gland, located inferiorly to the mandible and it has a muscular covering and empties its contents by way of the submandibular duct into the floor of the mouth on both sides. This gland secretes 70% of the saliva in the mouth. These glands produce a more viscid (thick) secretion, rich in mucin and with a smaller amount of protein. Mucin is a glycoprotein that acts as a lubricant.  \n3-Sublingual gland : is the smallest of the three, is a mucus gland and as its name implies, lies under the floor of the mouth and on either side of","cbCaion1RFNe21oc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaion1RFNe21oc","pdf",525687,"English","# The Digestive System\n## Alimentary Canal and Accessory Organs\n## Division of the GI Tract\n## Three Main Functions\n## Upper Gastrointestinal Tract\n## Lower Gastrointestinal Tract\n## Accessory Organs\n### Salivary Glands\n### Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas\n## Stomach\n## Small Intestine","[{\"question\":\"What structures make up the digestive system described in the lecture?\",\"answer\":\"The digestive system consists of a continuous alimentary canal (GI tract) from the oral cavity to the anus, complemented by accessory organs that convert food and fluids into a form the body can absorb.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the lecture describe the division of the GI tract?\",\"answer\":\"It divides the GI tract into upper and lower sections: the upper GI tract includes the oral cavity, oesophagus, and stomach, while the lower GI tract includes the intestines.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the three main functions of the digestive system?\",\"answer\":\"The digestive system performs digestion, absorption, and elimination.\"}]","Animal Physiology Theoretical Lecture 8 - The Digestive System | PDF",1790590076,15]