[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-369378-105":59,"doc-detail-369378-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","androgen-receptors-in-human-breast-cancer-and-female-canine-mammary-tumors","Androgen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors","","This review examines the potential involvement of androgens and androgen receptors (ARs) in human breast cancer and in female canine mammary tumors. It highlights the widespread presence of ARs in human breast tumors and the interaction between AR and estrogen-receptor signaling during cancer progression. By comparing similar histopathological and molecular features across species, the review evaluates canines as a natural model to investigate AR-driven mechanisms. It concludes that AR-targeted signaling may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for both humans and dogs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/androgen-receptors-in-human-breast-cancer-and-female-canine-mammary-tumors/369378/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/androgen-receptors-in-human-breast-cancer-and-female-canine-mammary-tumors/369378.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mia  ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the focus of this review on androgen receptors?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It explores the potential role of androgens and androgen receptors in human breast cancer and female canine mammary tumors.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are female canine mammary tumors used as a model for human breast cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They provide a natural comparative model because of similar histopathologies and molecular features, including shared AR-related biology.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How might androgen receptor signaling affect breast cancer development?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"AR signaling may stimulate or inhibit breast cancer growth depending on tumor molecular subtype, and it can interact with estrogen-receptor signaling pathways.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},369378,1790690340,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},687207024478,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Review  \nAndrogen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors  \nVladimir Vidovi´c 1, Ivana Davidov 2, Zoran Ruži´c 2, Mihajlo Erdeljan 2, Annamaria Galfi Vukomanovi´c 2 and Bojana Blagojevi´c 2, *  \nAcademic Editor: Gabriella Marucci  \nReceived: 19 January 2025  \nRevised: 7 March 2025  \nAccepted: 20 March 2025  \nPublished: 22 March 2025  \nCitation: Vidovi´c, V.; Davidov, I.; Ruži´c, Z.; Erdeljan, M.; Galfi Vukomanovi´c, A.; Blagojevi´c, B. Androgen Receptors inHuman Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors. Molecules 2025, 30, 1411 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)molecules30071411  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; [vladimir_vidovic@hotmail.com](vladimir_vidovic@hotmail.com)  \n2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi´ca  \n8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [ivana.davidov@polj.edu.rs](ivana.davidov@polj.edu.rs) (I.D.); [ruzicvet@gmail.com](ruzicvet@gmail.com) (Z.R.); [erdeljanm@gmail.com](erdeljanm@gmail.com) (M.E.); [annamariagalfi@gmail.com](annamariagalfi@gmail.com) (A.G.V.)  \n* [Correspondence: bojana.vidovic@polj.uns.ac.rs](Correspondence: bojana.vidovic@polj.uns.ac.rs); Tel.: +381-638504255  \nAbstract: This review explores the potential role of androgens in human breast cancer and female canine mammary tumors. Human breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women globally, while female canine mammary tumors provide a natural model for the study of human breast cancer due to their similar histopathologies and molecular features. Androgen receptors, typically linked to male sex hormones, are present in up to 90% of human breast tumors. These receptors interact with estrogen-receptor signaling, suggesting their involvement in a complex mechanism in cancer progression. Androgen receptors have become key players in breast cancer biology, offering new targets for therapeutic strategies. The presence of these receptors in both human and canine tumors raises important questions about their role in the development of these malignancies. While the exact mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, research suggests that targeting androgen-receptor signaling could be a novel therapeutic approach for both humans and canines. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the implications of androgenreceptor expression and to develop more effective targeted therapies for these cancers.  \nKeywords: androgen receptor; breast cancer; woman; mammary gland tumor; female canine  \n1. Introduction  \nRecent studies have highlighted the rising incidence of breast cancer in both humans and canines across various global regions, emphasizing the need for early detection and comparative research models [1–3] . Due to the clinical importance of human breast cancer, canine mammary glands have been studied extensively. In the study of human breast cancer, female canines serve as valuable models [4] . It is important to know that there are similarities and differences in the mammary gland between women and female canines. One interesting difference between women and female canines is the absence of menopausal status in the female dog; there are also differences regarding estrous cycles. Female canines experience one or two estrous cycles per year, which results in a low estrogenic influence compared to that seen in women [5] . According to Siegel et al. [6], breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadliest cancers worldwide, with global trends showing a continued incre","cbCaitzVO4espMVp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitzVO4espMVp","pdf",323715,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Human/Canine Mammary Gland Anatomy and Histology","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of this review on androgen receptors?\",\"answer\":\"It explores the potential role of androgens and androgen receptors in human breast cancer and female canine mammary tumors.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are female canine mammary tumors used as a model for human breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"They provide a natural comparative model because of similar histopathologies and molecular features, including shared AR-related biology.\"},{\"question\":\"How might androgen receptor signaling affect breast cancer development?\",\"answer\":\"AR signaling may stimulate or inhibit breast cancer growth depending on tumor molecular subtype, and it can interact with estrogen-receptor signaling pathways.\"}]","Androgen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors | PDF",1790182308]