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The material explains definitions of anatomy and physiology, how cells develop into tissues, organs, and systems, and why body functions depend on cellular functions. It covers the body’s life process with emphasis on homeostasis, including historical insights from Claude Bernard and Walter B. 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Survival depends on maintaining or restoring homeostasis, supported by observations and naming ideas from Claude Bernard and Walter B. Cannon.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},414550,1790677225,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},5909892115043,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY  \nBy  \nDr Minakshi Pathak  \nSri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 1  \nANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY  \nThe Anatomy and Physiology module introduces the structure and function of the human body. You will read about the cells, tissues and membranes that make up our bodies and how our major systems function to help us develop and stay healthy.  \nIn this module you will learn to:  \n􀁸 Describe basic human body functions and life process.  \n􀁸 Name the major human body systems and relate their functions.  \n􀁸 Describe the anatomical locations, structures and physiological functions of the main components of each major system of the human body.  \nINTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY  \nHuman beings are arguably the most complex organisms on this planet. Imagine billions of microscopic parts, each with its own identity, working together in an organized manner for the benefit of the total being. The human body is a single structure but it is made up of billions of smaller structures of four major kinds:  \nCells  \nCells have long been recognized as the simplest units of living matter that can maintain life and reproduce themselves. The human body, which is made up of numerous cells, begins as a single, newly fertilized cell.  \nTissues  \nSri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 2  \nTissues are somewhat more complex units than cells. By definition, a tissue is an organization of a great many similar cells with varying amounts and kinds of nonliving, intercellular substance between them.  \nOrgans  \nOrgans are more complex units than tissues. An organ is an organization of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform a special function. For example, the stomach is an organization of muscle, connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Muscle and connective tissues form its wall, epithelial and connective tissues form its lining, and nervous tissue extends throughout both its wall and its lining.  \nSystems  \nSystems are the most complex of the component units of the human body. A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body. Ten major systems compose the human body:  \n􀁸 Skeletal  \n􀁸 Muscular  \n􀁸 Nervous  \n􀁸 Endocrine  \n􀁸 Cardiovascular  \n􀁸 Lymphatic  \n􀁸 Respiratory  \n􀁸 Digestive  \nSri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 3  \n􀁸 Urinary  \n􀁸 Reproductive  \nAnatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts. Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole.  \nThe structure of an organism or any of its parts. The scientific study of the shape and structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy Definition. The  \nSri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 4  \nstructure of an animal or plant; also, the study of this structure through techniques such as microscopic observation and dissection.  \nAnatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.  \nThe history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.  \nAnatomy and physiology, which study (respectively) the structure and function of organisms and their parts, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and they are often studied together.  \nAnatomy is the scientific study of the structure of organisms including their systems, organs and tissues. ","cbCainDaRBhoJiv3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainDaRBhoJiv3","pdf",5115124,412,"English","# Introduction to the Human Body\n## Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems\n# Anatomy and Physiology\n## Definitions and Relationships\n# Body Functions & Life Process\n## Body Functions and Homeostasis\n## Claude Bernard and Walter B. Cannon","[{\"question\":\"What are the key learning outcomes of the Anatomy and Physiology module?\",\"answer\":\"Learners will describe basic human body functions and life processes, name major body systems and link their functions, and explain anatomical locations, structures, and physiological functions for main components of each major system.\"},{\"question\":\"How do cells, tissues, organs, and systems relate in the human body?\",\"answer\":\"Cells are the simplest living units; tissues are organizations of similar cells; organs combine different tissue types to perform specific functions; systems arrange varying numbers and kinds of organs to perform complex body functions.\"},{\"question\":\"What is homeostasis and why is it important for survival?\",\"answer\":\"Homeostasis is a state of relative constancy in the internal environment. Survival depends on maintaining or restoring homeostasis, supported by observations and naming ideas from Claude Bernard and Walter B. Cannon.\"}]","ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - Module | PDF",1790597910,1038]