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The sample includes 200 active male national rowing athletes. Hopelessness was measured using the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, analyzed via SPSS 22. Statistical tests include independent-samples t tests and one-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc comparisons. Hopelessness was moderate (x = 12.32) and self-esteem levels were high (x = 29.63).",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/analysis-of-the-perceptions-of-national-rowing-athleteshopelessness-and-self-esteem-levels/590891/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/analysis-of-the-perceptions-of-national-rowing-athleteshopelessness-and-self-esteem-levels/590891.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To analyze whether national athletes’ perceptions of hopelessness and their self-esteem levels differ according to several variables such as age, marital status, income status, residence, education, and active national career.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were hopelessness and self-esteem measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Hopelessness was assessed using the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, supported by a personal information form created by the researcher.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about athletes’ hopelessness and self-esteem overall?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"National rowing athletes showed moderate hopelessness (x = 12.32) and high self-esteem levels (x = 29.63).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which variables were linked to significant differences in hopelessness or self-esteem?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"No statistically significant differences in self-esteem were found for most variables (including age, income status, place of residence, and educational status). Marital status showed no significant difference in both hopelessness and self-esteem. However, active national career produced a statistically significant difference in hopelessness (p \u003C 0.05) without producing differences in self-esteem.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},590891,1792167739,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 8(2), pp. 305-313, June 2020  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.82.20.072 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nAnalysis of the perceptions of national rowing athletes’hopelessness and self-esteem levels  \nKadir Tiryaki  \nDepartment of Physical Education and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey. Accepted 2 June, 2020  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The aim of this study is to analyze whether the national athletes' perceptions of hopelessness and their self-esteem levels differ in terms of different variables (age, marital status, and income status, place of residence, educational status, and active national career) . The study group of the research consists of 200 active male national rowing athletes. \"Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)\" was used to determine the hopelessness perceptions of the rowers participating in the research, \"Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and the personal information form created by the researcher were used to determine the selfesteem levels. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 package program was used to analyze the data. Independent Samples T Test was used in binary groups and One-Way ANOVA tests were used in groups of three and above. LSD test was used to determine which groups favor significant differences asa result of One-Way ANOVA. Significance level is accepted as p \u003C 0.05. According to the results of the research, the level of hopelessness (x = 12.32) of the national rowing athletes was found to be moderate and the self-esteem levels (x = 29.63) are high. Considering different variables, there is no statistically significant difference in self-esteem levels in terms of hopelessness levels according to age, income status, place of residence, educational status. Moreover, according to marital status variable, there is no significant difference in levels of hopelessness and self-esteem . While there is no significant difference in self-esteem levels according to active national career, statistically significant difference was found in perceptions of hopelessness (p \u003C 0.05) .\u003Cbr>Keywords: Hopelessness, self-esteem, national rowing athletes. |\n| --- |\n| E-mail: [tiryakikadir27@hotmail.com](tiryakikadir27@hotmail.com). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nSports are performed as part of natural processes involving energy, mind skills, perception processes, rapid decision making, and social qualities as well as the physical. The co-existence of such variables highlights the physical, spiritual and social aspects of sports. The phenomenon of sports has various effects in individuals and communities. They can be spiritual, physical or social. These effects include such personality traits as being loved, loving, and defending the rights of one and others. In addition, it includes the sense of sharing and fighting and competition spirit along with following rules, welcoming wins and losses, adopting primitive impulsesin ways adopted by society, being a part of new social situations, making new friends. Pleasure is experienced  \nby both those who practice sports and watch it (Doğan, 2005) .  \nThe definition of the concept of sportsmanship as a legal and professional athlete can be made as; competitive athletes have knowledge and skills in the fields determined by their sports institutions (employers), depending on their pre-determined working hours and under the management and supervision of the employer, that they conduct branch-specific training and competitions, in return, they receive a pre-determined fee and have employment contracts with their clubs (Kaya, 2014) .  \nWhen it comes to rowing, it is a kind of sport that requires a high degree of muscle strength, endurance,  \nphysiological and psychological competence. During a competition, an athlete must push the limits to the end (Doğhan, 2007) . Rowing is one of the few sports in which all major muscle groups are actively used. It is recommended by fitness experts and doctors as an excellent ","cbCaigPFapThOHjh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigPFapThOHjh","pdf",189398,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Sports and sportsmanship\n## Rowing as a sport and its benefits\n## Self-esteem and related concepts\n## Hopelessness as a related concept","[{\"question\":\"What was the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To analyze whether national athletes’ perceptions of hopelessness and their self-esteem levels differ according to several variables such as age, marital status, income status, residence, education, and active national career.\"},{\"question\":\"How were hopelessness and self-esteem measured?\",\"answer\":\"Hopelessness was assessed using the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, supported by a personal information form created by the researcher.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about athletes’ hopelessness and self-esteem overall?\",\"answer\":\"National rowing athletes showed moderate hopelessness (x = 12.32) and high self-esteem levels (x = 29.63).\"},{\"question\":\"Which variables were linked to significant differences in hopelessness or self-esteem?\",\"answer\":\"No statistically significant differences in self-esteem were found for most variables (including age, income status, place of residence, and educational status). Marital status showed no significant difference in both hopelessness and self-esteem. However, active national career produced a statistically significant difference in hopelessness (p \\u003c 0.05) without producing differences in self-esteem.\"}]","Analysis of the perceptions of national rowing athletes'hopelessness and self-esteem levels | PDF",1792070673,23]