[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-657567-105":59,"doc-detail-657567-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","analysis-of-prevalent-bpmn-layout-choices-on-github","Analysis of Prevalent BPMN Layout Choices on GitHub","","BPMN diagram layout strongly affects understandability. This study investigates which layout choices modelers make when designing BPMN diagrams available on GitHub. The research uses repository mining to collect and analyze BPMN diagrams, then applies manual classification and computed BPMN layout metrics. Results indicate that diagrams are predominantly arranged left-to-right, and that layout direction varies with modeling tool, process model type (pools vs. no pools), and diagram purpose (toy vs. non-toy).",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/analysis-of-prevalent-bpmn-layout-choices-on-github/657567/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/analysis-of-prevalent-bpmn-layout-choices-on-github/657567.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the primary objective of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To understand the prevalent choices made by modelers when designing BPMN diagrams, focusing on layout decisions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were BPMN diagrams collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"BPMN models were gathered from GitHub via repository mining using a previously identified list, then diagram layouts were classified manually and BPMN metrics were computed with a custom tool.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors influence layout direction according to the findings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Layout direction differs by modeling tool, process model type (with pools versus without pools), and purpose (toy versus non-toy diagrams).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},657567,1792983195,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Analysis of Prevalent BPMN Layout Choices on  \nGitHub  \nDaniel Lübke1,2[[https](https://orcid.org/0000)[:](https://orcid.org/0000)[//orcid.org/](https://orcid.org/0000)[0000](https://orcid.org/0000)−0002−1557−8804] and Daniel Wutke3  \n1 Digital Solution Architecture, Hanover, Germany  \n2 Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany [daniel.luebke@digital-solution-architecture.com](daniel.luebke@digital-solution-architecture.com)[ ](daniel.luebke@digital-solution-architecture.com)[https://www.digital-solution-architecture.com](https://www.digital-solution-architecture.com)  \n[3](3 dwutke@gmail.com)[ dwutke@gmail.com](3 dwutke@gmail.com)  \nAbstract. Layout of BPMN diagrams greatly influences their understandability. The primary objective of this study is to understand prevalent choices of modelers for their design of BPMN diagrams. As a research method we use repository mining to analyze BPMN diagrams we found on GitHub. We found that BPMN diagrams on GitHub are mostly laid out from left-to-right and that layout direction choices differ by the modeling tool, process model type (pool [vs. no](vs. no) pools) and purpose (toy vs.  \nnon-toy) .  \nKeywords: BPMN Layout · GitHub Mining · Repository Mining  \n1 Introduction  \nLayout is one of the influencing factors of understandability of BPMN diagrams [3] . While some empirical research exists on this topic, we want to explore real-world BPMN processes and analyze the use of layouts – and influencing factors of those; for example, what layout direction (left-right [vs. top-bottom](vs. top-bottom)) is dominantly used?  \nWhile GitHub has been used in software engineering research [6], its use for BPMN-related research is only in the beginning [4, 5] . Within this paper were-use the dataset by Heinze et al. [4] and present a preliminary analysis of layout direction choices made for the BPMN diagrams contained therein.  \nWe present a preliminary study, which is structured as follows: First we present our research design in Sect. 2 before we explain how we mined GitHuband how we handled the obtained models in Sect. 3. Results of our statistical analysis are presented in Sect. 4 for which we give our interpretation in Sect. 5. Finally, we discuss threats to validity in Sect. 6 before we conclude and give possible future research topics.  \n2 Research Questions  \nWe want to answer the following research questions related to the layout direction of BPMN diagrams found on GitHub:  \nJ. Manner, S. Haarmann, S. Kolb, N. Herzberg, O. Kopp (Eds. ): 13th ZEUS Workshop, ZEUS 2021, Bamberg, held virtually due to Covid-19 pandemic, Germany, 25-26 February 2021,  \npublished at [http://ceur-ws.org](http://ceur-ws.org)  \nCopyright © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) .  \nAnalysis of Prevalent BPMN Layout Choices on GitHub 47  \nFig. 1: The Research Process Followed  \nRQ1: What layout directions are used and how is their usage distributed?  \nBecause existing research predicts better understandability for horizontal layouts [2, 3] and existing modeling guidelines mandate them [1, 9], we hypothesize that left-right diagrams are in the majority.  \nRQ2: What influence does the modeling tool have on layout direction?  \nDifferences due to modeling tools have been shown for BPEL [8] . We expect that such differences also exist with BPMN.  \nRQ3: What influence has project ownership on layout direction?  \nWe expect that (explicit or implicit) modeling guidelines and shared authorship within a project will lead to uniformity of layouts in any given project. Thus, we expect that the majority of diagrams within a project will have the same layout.  \nRQ4: Are “toy” diagrams laid out differently?  \nBecause it has been demonstrated before that models exhibit different properties based on different purposes [7] (e.g., productive vs. example), we expect toy diagrams to be smaller and thus to have simpler layouts (horizontal & vertical only) .  \nR","cbCainwj0CPdZOjx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainwj0CPdZOjx","pdf",829775,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Research Questions\n# GitHub Mining and Data Cleansing","[{\"question\":\"What is the primary objective of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To understand the prevalent choices made by modelers when designing BPMN diagrams, focusing on layout decisions.\"},{\"question\":\"How were BPMN diagrams collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"BPMN models were gathered from GitHub via repository mining using a previously identified list, then diagram layouts were classified manually and BPMN metrics were computed with a custom tool.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors influence layout direction according to the findings?\",\"answer\":\"Layout direction differs by modeling tool, process model type (with pools versus without pools), and purpose (toy versus non-toy diagrams).\"}]","Analysis of Prevalent BPMN Layout Choices on GitHub | PDF",23]