[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-342885-105":59,"doc-detail-342885-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","analysis-of-pd-l1-promoter-methylation-combined-with-immunogenic-context-in-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma","Analysis of PD-L1 promoter methylation combined with immunogenic context in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","","Despite successful PD-L1-blocking strategies in several cancers, and established prognostic indicators in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the clinical and biological meaning of PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation remains unclear. This study analyzes PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and mRNA expression in PDAC cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium, then validates promoter methylation–expression–survival links in an independent PUMCH cohort using pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/analysis-of-pd-l1-promoter-methylation-combined-with-immunogenic-context-in-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma/342885/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/analysis-of-pd-l1-promoter-methylation-combined-with-immunogenic-context-in-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma/342885.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Violet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main goal of the study on PD-L1/PD-L2 in PDAC?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine the biological role of PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and its association with clinicopathological features, clinical outcomes, and the immune microenvironment in PDAC.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was PD-L1 promoter methylation validated in the research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The correlation between methylation, PD-L1 expression, and survival was validated in an independent PUMCH cohort using pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the results show about PD-L1 promoter methylation and patient outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"PD-L1 promoter hypomethylation was strongly linked to higher PD-L1 expression and shorter overall survival, and it acted as an independent prognostic factor in PDAC.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},342885,1790167675,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},4398048950312,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908","Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy (2024) 73:149 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03745-y](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03745-y)  \nAnalysis of PD‑L1 promoter methylation combined with immunogenic context in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma  \nXinyuan Chen1,2 · Shuangni Yu1 · Jie Chen1 · Xianlong Chen1  \nReceived: 9 March 2024 / Accepted: 21 May 2024 / Published online: 4 June 2024  \n© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024  \nAbstract  \nDespite the successful application of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-blocking strategies in some types of cancersand well-established prognostic indicators in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the biological and clinical implications of the methylation status of PD-L1/PD-L2 in PDAC remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biological role of PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and its association with clinicopathological features, clinical outcomes, and the immune microenvironment by analyzing the data on PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and mRNA expression in PDAC cohorts obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium. The correlation between PD-L1 promoter methylation and PD-L1 expression and survival was further validated in an independent validation cohort (Peking Union Medical College Hospital [PUMCH] cohort) using pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. These results demonstrated that hypomethylation of the PD-L1 promoter was strongly associated with upregulated PD-L1 expression and shorter overall survival in PDAC. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the PD-L1 promoter methylation was an independent prognostic factor. PD-L1 promoter hypomethylation and high expression were related to aggressive clinical phenotypes. Moreover, both PD-L1 and PD-L2 methylation correlated with immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoint genes. PD-L1 promoter methylation status was further validated as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with PDAC using the PUMCH cohort. The prognostic significance of PD-L1 promoter methylation was more discriminative in tumors with perineural/lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis than in those without perineural/ lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis. In summary, the methylation status of the PD-L1 promoter is a promising biomarker for survival outcomes, immune infiltration, and the potential immune benefits of immunotherapy in PDAC.  \nKeywords Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma · Methylation · PD-L1 · PD-L2 · Survival · Epigenetic biomarker  \nXinyuan Chen and Xianlong Chen have contributed equally to this work.  \n* Jie Chen[chenjie@pumch.cn](chenjie@pumch.cn)  \n* Xianlong Chen [xlchen1995@sina.com](xlchen1995@sina.com)  \n1 Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China  \n2 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China  \nBackground  \nPancreatic cancer ranks as the third leading cause of cancerrelated mortality worldwide [1, 2] . Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), constituting approximately 90% of pancreatic cancers, represent an exceptionally deadly malignancy, boasting a mere 10% 5-year survival rate [3, 4] . In contrast to several cancers detectable in their early stages, PDAC typically manifests as advanced-stage neoplasms upon diagnosis for most patients. Apart from surgery, other therapeutic modalities, encompassing both adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, yield unsatisfactory outcomes, with marginal enhancements in the 5-year survival rate [5] .  \nImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand, PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), also exhibits restricted efficacy in  \nadvanced PDAC on account of its immunologically \"cold\"tumor profile, characterized","cbCaitfeW41nthKQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitfeW41nthKQ","pdf",8975921,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n## Clinical burden and treatment limitations in PDAC\n## PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint biology and response limitations\n## Role of PD-L2 in immune regulation and prognosis\n## Rationale for investigating PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation in PDAC\n# Study aims and scope","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of the study on PD-L1/PD-L2 in PDAC?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the biological role of PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and its association with clinicopathological features, clinical outcomes, and the immune microenvironment in PDAC.\"},{\"question\":\"How was PD-L1 promoter methylation validated in the research?\",\"answer\":\"The correlation between methylation, PD-L1 expression, and survival was validated in an independent PUMCH cohort using pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about PD-L1 promoter methylation and patient outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"PD-L1 promoter hypomethylation was strongly linked to higher PD-L1 expression and shorter overall survival, and it acted as an independent prognostic factor in PDAC.\"}]","Analysis of PD-L1 promoter methylation combined with immunogenic context in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | PDF",1790048630,33]