[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-339095-en":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":31,"doc-seo-339095-105":80},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},339095,8796095360427,"Lucas Martin","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",7,"Healthcare","Analysis of IVIM Perfusion Fraction Improves Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","The study evaluates whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI parameters improve diagnostic performance for distinguishing normal pancreatic parenchyma from solid pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Data included 113 participants (66 with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 47 healthy volunteers) scanned at 1.5 T using nine b-values. Conventional ADC and IVIM parameters (D, D*, and perfusion fraction f) were analyzed across four b-value selections. Results showed group-dependent behavior and strong tissue discrimination, with D* achieving the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC 98–100%). Reduced perfusion in patients supports IVIM as a promising marker.","diagnostics  \nBrief Report  \nAnalysis of IVIM Perfusion Fraction Improves Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma  \nKatarzyna Nadolska, Agnieszka Białecka, Elbieta Zawada, Wojciech Kazimierczak * and Zbigniew Serafin   \nCitation: Nadolska, K.; Białecka, A.; Zawada, E.; Kazimierczak, W.; Serafin, Z. Analysis of IVIM Perfusion Fraction Improves Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 571. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060571](doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060571)  \nAcademic Editor: Keiji Hanada  \nReceived: 25 January 2024  \nRevised: 29 February 2024  \nAccepted: 1 March 2024  \nPublished: 7 March 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nCollegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jagiello ´nska 13-15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [serafin@cm.umk.pl](serafin@cm.umk.pl) (Z.S.)  \n* [Correspondence: wojtek.kazimierczak@gmail.com](Correspondence: wojtek.kazimierczak@gmail.com); Tel.: +48-606670881  \nAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters can enhance the diagnostic performance of MRI in differentiating normal pancreatic parenchyma from solid pancreatic adenocarcinomas. This study included 113 participants: 66 patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 47 healthy volunteers. An MRI was conducted at 1.5 T MR unit, using nine b-values. Postprocessing involved analyzing both conventional monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters (diffusion coefficient D-pure molecular diffusion coefficient, perfusion-dependent diffusion coefficient D*-pseudodiffusion coeffitient, and perfusion fraction coefficient (f)) across four different b-value selections. Significantly higher parameters were found in the control group when using high b-values for the pure diffusion analysis and all b-values for the monoexponential analysis. Conversely, in the study group, the parameters were affected by low b-values. Most parameters could differentiate between normal and cancerous tissue, with D* showing the highest diagnostic performance (AUC 98–100%) . A marked decrease in perfusion in the patients with pancreatic cancer, indicated by the significant differences in the D* medians between groups, was found. In conclusion, standard ADC maps alone may not suffice for a definitive pancreatic cancer diagnosis, and incorporating IVIM into MRI protocols is recommended, as the reduced tissue perfusion detected by the IVIM parameters is a promising marker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.  \nKeywords: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; intravoxel incoherent motion; diffusion-weighted imaging; perfusion-dependent diffusion coefficient; diagnostic accuracy  \n1. Introduction  \nPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, occurring in approximately 80% of cases [1] . PDAC is usually fatal disease, typically affecting the elderly or people older than 55 years of age, with the highest incidence in the 7th and 8th decades of one’s life [2,3] . Only 20% of patients with this diagnosis can undergo radical surgical treatment [4,5], and the tumor’s stage at diagnosis remains the most significant prognostic factor [5] . The mean 5-year survival for PDAC, according to the literature, ranges from 2 to 9%[4,6] .  \nOn imaging, PDAC is usually visible as a moderately hypovascular mass within the pancreatic parenchyma [7] . Therefore, cross-sectional modalities present limited diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of this malignancy. While CT presents a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 99% for detecting solid pancreatic neo","cbCairuQ80I5JbFD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairuQ80I5JbFD","pdf",1139925,10,1,9,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What does the study evaluate about IVIM MRI for pancreatic cancer detection?\",\"answer\":\"It assesses whether IVIM parameters can enhance MRI diagnostic performance in differentiating normal pancreatic tissue from solid pancreatic adenocarcinomas.\"},{\"question\":\"How many participants were included, and how was MRI performed?\",\"answer\":\"The study included 113 participants (66 patients and 47 healthy volunteers). MRI was conducted at 1.5 T using nine b-values, followed by analysis of ADC and IVIM parameters across different b-value selections.\"},{\"question\":\"Which IVIM parameter showed the best diagnostic performance?\",\"answer\":\"D* showed the highest diagnostic performance, with AUC values reported as 98–100%.\"}]","Analysis of IVIM Perfusion Fraction Improves Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | PDF",1790027843,23,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":32},[33,38,43,48,53,58,61,66,70,73,76],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":49,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":50,"show_sort_weight":51,"slug":52},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":55,"show_sort_weight":56,"slug":57},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":59,"slug":60},40,"healthcare",{"id":62,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":63,"show_sort_weight":64,"slug":65},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":67,"show_sort_weight":68,"slug":69},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":68,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":71,"show_sort_weight":68,"slug":72},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":74,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":75},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":77,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":34,"category_name":78,"show_sort_weight":49,"slug":79},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":83,"title":13,"keywords":84,"description":14,"schema_data":85,"social_meta":139,"head_meta":141,"extra_data":143,"updated_unix":144},"analysis-of-ivim-perfusion-fraction-improves-detection-of-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma","",{"@graph":86,"@context":138},[87,101,121],{"@type":88,"itemListElement":89},"BreadcrumbList",[90,94,96,99],{"item":91,"name":92,"@type":93,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":95,"name":34,"@type":93,"position":39},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":97,"name":12,"@type":93,"position":98},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":100,"name":13,"@type":93,"position":44},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/analysis-of-ivim-perfusion-fraction-improves-detection-of-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma/339095/",{"url":100,"name":13,"@type":102,"image":103,"author":108,"headline":13,"publisher":110,"fileFormat":113,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":114,"datePublished":115,"encodingFormat":113,"isAccessibleForFree":116,"interactionStatistic":117},"DigitalDocument",{"url":104,"@type":105,"width":106,"height":107},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/analysis-of-ivim-perfusion-fraction-improves-detection-of-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma/339095.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":9,"@type":109},"Person",{"url":91,"name":111,"@type":112},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":118,"interactionType":119,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":120},"ViewAction",{"@type":122,"mainEntity":123},"FAQPage",[124,130,134],{"name":125,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":127},"What does the study evaluate about IVIM MRI for pancreatic cancer detection?","Question",{"text":128,"@type":129},"It assesses whether IVIM parameters can enhance MRI diagnostic performance in differentiating normal pancreatic tissue from solid pancreatic adenocarcinomas.","Answer",{"name":131,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":132},"How many participants were included, and how was MRI performed?",{"text":133,"@type":129},"The study included 113 participants (66 patients and 47 healthy volunteers). MRI was conducted at 1.5 T using nine b-values, followed by analysis of ADC and IVIM parameters across different b-value selections.",{"name":135,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":136},"Which IVIM parameter showed the best diagnostic performance?",{"text":137,"@type":129},"D* showed the highest diagnostic performance, with AUC values reported as 98–100%.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":100,"og:type":140,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":111,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":142,"canonical":100},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},1790239913]