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Telomere attrition also links to genome instability and multiple disease states. During carcinogenesis, telomere maintenance—mainly via telomerase activation—enables cancer cells to evade senescence and sustain indefinite division. The timing and impact of this system in pre-neoplastic lesions remain unclear.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-overview-of-the-role-of-telomeres-and-telomerase-in-pre-neoplastic-lesions-review/376969/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-overview-of-the-role-of-telomeres-and-telomerase-in-pre-neoplastic-lesions-review/376969.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are telomeres and why are they important for cancer prevention?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Telomeres are tandem DNA repeats that protect the ends of linear chromosomes. Their gradual attrition triggers replicative senescence, which limits indefinite cell replication and has been considered a tumor-suppressing pathway.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does telomerase contribute to oncogenesis?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Telomerase adds nucleotides to chromosome ends and counters telomere shortening. Cancer cells often develop telomere maintenance mechanisms, predominantly through telomerase activation, allowing them to avoid senescence and divide indefinitely.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What does the review aim to clarify about pre-neoplastic lesions?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review summarizes and critically discusses evidence on the role of telomeres and telomerase across pre-neoplastic lesions, focusing on the evidence and timing of telomere dysfunction in human precancerous and solid tumor contexts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},376969,1790286635,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 19: 61, 2023  \nAn overview of the role of telomeres and telomerase in pre‑neoplastic lesions (Review)  \n* *  \nELEFTHERIA KARAVITI , ATHANASIOS KONTOGIANNIS , ARISTOTELISANASTOPOULOS,  \nELIAS KOTTEAS and GEORGIA GOMATOU  \nOncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine,‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece  \nReceived February 15, 2023; Accepted June 14, 2023  \nDOI: 10. 3892/mco.2023.2657  \nAbstract. Telomeres are tandem repeats of DNA sequences protecting the end of linear chromosomes. Replicative senes‑ cence due to telomere attrition is considered a tumor‑preventing mechanism in differentiated somatic cells. However, telomere shortening is associated with genome instability and several disease entities. During carcinogenesis, the development of a telomere maintenance mechanism, predominately through the activation of the telomerase enzyme, represents a hallmark of cancer, since it enables cancer cells to avert senescence and divide indefinitely. Although research of the involvement of telomeres and telomerase in various malignant neoplasms has gained a large amount of interest, the timing and relevance of their role in pre‑neoplastic lesions remain to be determined. The present narrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the role of telomeres and telomerase in pre‑neoplasia across different types of tissues.  \nContents  \n1. Introduction  \n2. hTERT gene and telomerase re‑activation  \n3. Telomeres and telomerase across pre‑neoplastic lesions  \n4. Overview  \n5. Conclusions  \nCorrespondence to: Ms. Georgia Gomatou, Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Messogion Avenue 152, Athens 11527, Greece  \nE‑mail: [georgiagom@med.uoa.gr](georgiagom@med.uoa.gr)  \n*Contributed equally  \nKey words: telomeres, telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase, oncogenesis, pre‑neoplasia  \n1. Introduction  \nMammalian telomeres are repetitive sequences of TTAGGGsat the ends of linear chromosomes. They are associated with a set of proteins, forming the shelterin complex, which protects the chromosome ends from generating DNA repair responses. Telomere length (TL) is gradually shortened after each cell division due to the incomplete replication of the lagging strand from the DNA polymerase. When telomeres reach a critical length, the cells are introduced into a permanent growth arrest signaling process (replicative senescence) (1) . Telomere attrition and senescence have traditionally been considered a tumor suppressor pathway, preventing somatic cells from indefinite replication.  \nTelomerase is an enzyme that adds nucleotides at the ends of the chromosomes and counteracts their shortening. It consists of two main components: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which is the catalytic subunit and also the rate‑limiting component of the protein's expression, and the human telomerase RNA component (hTERC, also known as hTR), which serves as a template for telomere replication. Human telomerase is expressed during embryonic develop‑ ment; however, it is later silenced in the majority of somatic cells upon differentiation and its expression is restricted to germline and progenitor cells (2) .  \nTelomeres are critical contributors to genomic stability and shorter telomeres have been associated with various diseases, mostly involving premature aging phenotypes (1) . Of note, shorter telomeres have been observed in cancerous compared to healthy tissues (3) . On the other hand, the activation of a telomere maintenance mechanism represents a hallmark of cancer, either through the activation of telomerase or, less frequently, through alternative recombination‑based mecha‑ nisms (alternative lengthening of telomeres) (4) . Telomerase activation mechanisms may involve hTERT promoter muta‑ tions, hTERT gene rearrangem","cbCairWeo85ydifP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairWeo85ydifP","pdf",447937,11,"English","# Introduction\n## hTERT gene and telomerase re-activation\n## Telomeres and telomerase across pre-neoplastic lesions\n## Overview\n## Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What are telomeres and why are they important for cancer prevention?\",\"answer\":\"Telomeres are tandem DNA repeats that protect the ends of linear chromosomes. Their gradual attrition triggers replicative senescence, which limits indefinite cell replication and has been considered a tumor-suppressing pathway.\"},{\"question\":\"How does telomerase contribute to oncogenesis?\",\"answer\":\"Telomerase adds nucleotides to chromosome ends and counters telomere shortening. Cancer cells often develop telomere maintenance mechanisms, predominantly through telomerase activation, allowing them to avoid senescence and divide indefinitely.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review aim to clarify about pre-neoplastic lesions?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes and critically discusses evidence on the role of telomeres and telomerase across pre-neoplastic lesions, focusing on the evidence and timing of telomere dysfunction in human precancerous and solid tumor contexts.\"}]","An overview of the role of telomeres and telomerase in pre-neoplastic lesions - Review | PDF",1790222432,28]