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MicroRNAs, as non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, participate in diverse oncogenic pathways, where both altered overexpression and downregulation influence proliferation, invasion, and interaction with driver markers. Despite diagnostic and prognostic utility reported for microRNA combinations, no diagnostic kits exist for initial assessment or recurrence monitoring. The review highlights microRNAs’ involvement in cell-cycle alterations, angiogenesis, and distant metastasis through targets such as cyclins, CDKs, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and angiogenic products.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-overview-of-the-role-of-micrornas-on-carcinogenesis-a-focus-on-cell-cycle-angiogenesis-and-metastasis/383538/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-overview-of-the-role-of-micrornas-on-carcinogenesis-a-focus-on-cell-cycle-angiogenesis-and-metastasis/383538.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ezra","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What role do microRNAs play in carcinogenesis?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and participate in oncogenic pathways, affecting proliferation, invasion, and interaction with driver markers.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do altered microRNA expression levels influence tumor behavior?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Both overexpression and downregulation create complex interactions with multiple genes, ultimately promoting increased cell proliferation and tumor invasion and shaping progression processes.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Are microRNAs used in clinical diagnosis or recurrence assessment?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"MicroRNA combinations have shown usefulness at diagnostic and prognostic levels, but there are currently no diagnostic kits available for initial assessment or for evaluating recurrences of oncological diseases.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},383538,1790845673,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":36},1099514068035,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Review  \nAn Overview of the Role of MicroRNAs on Carcinogenesis: A Focus on Cell Cycle, Angiogenesis and Metastasis  \nLeonel Pekarek 1,2,3, Diego Torres-Carranza 1, Oscar Fraile-Martinez 1,2, Cielo Garc½a-Montero 1,2, Tatiana Pekarek 1, Miguel A. Saez 1,2,4, Francisco Rueda-Correa 4, Carolina Pimentel-Martinez 1, Luis G. Guijarro 2,5, Raul Diaz-Pedrero 6,7, Melchor Alvarez-Mon 1,2,8 and Miguel A. Ortega 1,2,9, *  \nCitation: Pekarek, L.;  \nTorres-Carranza, D.; Fraile-Martinez, O.; García-Montero, C.; Pekarek, T.; Saez, M.A.; Rueda-Correa, F.;  \nPimentel-Martinez, C.; Guijarro, L.G.; Diaz-Pedrero, R.; et al. An Overview of the Role of MicroRNAs on Carcinogenesis: A Focus on Cell Cycle, Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7268 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087268](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087268)  \nAcademic Editors: Gabriella Calviello, Koshi Mimori and Takaaki Masuda  \nReceived: 20 February 2023  \nRevised: 4 April 2023  \nAccepted: 12 April 2023  \nPublished: 14 April 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal¡, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain  \n2 Ramân y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain  \n3 Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain  \n4 Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid,  \n28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain  \n5 Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcal¡, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain  \n6 Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal¡, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain  \n7 Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Pr½ncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain  \n8 Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Pr½ncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain  \n9 Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital,  \n28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain  \n* [Correspondence: miguel.angel.ortega92@gmail.com](Correspondence: miguel.angel.ortega92@gmail.com)  \nAbstract: In recent years, the importance of epigenetic markers in the carcinogenesis of different malignant neoplasms has been demonstrated, also demonstrating their utility for understanding metastatic spread and tumor progression in cancer patients. Among the different biomarkers, microRNAs represent a set of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, having been involved in a wide variety of neoplasia acting in different oncogenic pathways. Both the overexpression and downregulation of microRNAs represent a complex interaction with various genes whose ultimate consequence is increased cell proliferation, tumor invasion and interaction with various driver markers. It should be noted that in current clinical practice, even though the combination of different microRNAs has been shown to be useful by different authors at diagnostic and prognostic levels, there are no diagnostic kits that can be used for the initial approach or to assess recurrences of oncological diseases. Previous works have cited microRNAs as having a critical role in several carcinogenic mechanisms, ranging from cell cycle alterations to angiogenesis and mechanisms of distant metastatic dissemination. Indeed, the overexpression or downregulation of specific microRNAs seem to be tightly involved in the modulation of various components related to these processes. For instance, ","cbCainKJe7nd5tlx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainKJe7nd5tlx","pdf",2330388,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer as a global health concern\n## Carcinogenesis driven by genetic and epigenetic variation\n## MicroRNAs as regulators in oncogenic pathways\n## Roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion","[{\"question\":\"What role do microRNAs play in carcinogenesis?\",\"answer\":\"MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and participate in oncogenic pathways, affecting proliferation, invasion, and interaction with driver markers.\"},{\"question\":\"How do altered microRNA expression levels influence tumor behavior?\",\"answer\":\"Both overexpression and downregulation create complex interactions with multiple genes, ultimately promoting increased cell proliferation and tumor invasion and shaping progression processes.\"},{\"question\":\"Are microRNAs used in clinical diagnosis or recurrence assessment?\",\"answer\":\"MicroRNA combinations have shown usefulness at diagnostic and prognostic levels, but there are currently no diagnostic kits available for initial assessment or for evaluating recurrences of oncological diseases.\"}]","An Overview of the Role of MicroRNAs on Carcinogenesis - A Focus on Cell Cycle, Angiogenesis and Metastasis | PDF",1790257606]