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Some species also use pressurized convective flows, including humidity-induced, thermal-osis, and venturi-induced mechanisms, showing clear day–night diel variation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-overview-of-oxygen-transport-in-plants-diffusion-and-convection/608568/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-overview-of-oxygen-transport-in-plants-diffusion-and-convection/608568.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Damian","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-17",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Why is oxygen transport especially crucial for flood-prone plants?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Flooding limits soil oxygen, so plants must ensure oxygen reaches their cells despite hypoxia/anoxia. Gas movement supports aerobic processes and prevents energy shortages caused by restricted exchange.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What is the primary mechanism of oxygen movement in plant roots?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Oxygen movement in plant roots is mainly explained by diffusion. Diffusivity depends on root anatomy, morphology, physiology, and environmental conditions such as temperature and oxygen demand.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How do pressurized convective flows assist oxygen transport in some species?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Certain emergent or floating-leaved species can use pressurized (convective) flows to facilitate gas movement in stems and rhizomes. The article identifies humidity-induced positive pressure, thermal osmosis, and venturi-induced suction from wind over broken culms, with stronger activity during the day.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},608568,1792292082,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":101,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},137451208677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Plant Biology ISSN 1435-8603  \nREVIEW ARTICLE  \nAn overview of oxygen transport in plants: diffusion and convection  \nG. G. Striker 1,2   \n1 Facultad de Agronomı´a, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET,–Buenos Aires, Argentina  \n2 School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia  \nKeywords  \nAerenchyma; diffusion; oxygen; pressurized flow; roots; tissue aeration.  \nCorrespondence  \nG. G. Striker, Facultad de Agronomı´a, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Avenida San Mart´ın 4453 – C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.  \nE-mail: [striker@ifeva.edu.ar](striker@ifeva.edu.ar)  \nEditor  \nJ. Bechteler  \nReceived: 11 April 2023;  \nAccepted: 27 June 2023  \nABSTRACT  \nThe movement of gases within plants is crucial for species that live in flood-prone areas with limited soil oxygen. These plants adapt to hypoxia/anoxia not by using oxygen more efficiently, but by ensuring a steady oxygen supply to their cells. Wetland plants typically form gas-filled spaces (aerenchyma) in their tissues, providing a lowresistance pathway for gas movement between shoots and roots, especially when the shoots are above water, and the roots are submerged. Oxygen movement in plant roots is mainly through diffusion. However, in certain species, such as emergent and floating-leaved plants, pressurized flows can also facilitate the movement of gases within their stems and rhizomes. Three types of pressurized (convective) flows have been identified: humidity-induced pressurization (positive pressure), thermal osmosis (positive pressure with air flow against the heat gradient), and venturi-induced suction (negative pressure) caused by wind passing over broken culms. A clear diel variation in pressurized flows exists, with higher pressures and flows during the day and negligible pressures and flows during the night. This article discusses some key aspects of these mechanisms for oxygen movement.  \ndoi:10.1111/plb.13558  \nINTRODUCTION  \nInternal gas movement is crucial for plants inhabiting natural or crop lands that are prone to experiencing various intensities of flooding. The diffusivity of gases in water is between 5000 and 10,000 times slower than in air, severely restricting the exchange of gases between submerged tissues and the surrounding water environment (Armstrong 1979) . As a result, aerobic respiration shifts towards fermentation, causing a rapid drop in energy (ATP) production. In this scenario, an energy crisis is evident, and fermentation often results in the accumulation of metabolically toxic products, such as ethanol, in tissues. Interestingly, the adaptation to waterlogging/ submergence-induced hypoxia is not based on a more efficient use of oxygen by tolerant species. In fact, the critical oxygen pressure for respiration (COPR) is quite similar among species with different tolerances but phylogenetically related (e.g., species of the same genus; see Armstrong et al. 2009) . Therefore, tolerance is related to a better supply of oxygen to the cells rather than the efficiency of molecular oxygen use.  \nTo achieve an appropriate oxygen supply to the cells, plants develop anatomical adaptations that facilitate gas movement. The most conspicuous response to root-zone oxygen deficiency is the formation of aerenchyma in the root cortex (Justin & Armstrong 1987; Visser et al. 2000; Colmer 2003; Striker et al. 2007, 2014; Manzur et al. 2014; Yamauchi & Nakazono 2022; Ning et al. 2023) . This tissue is composed of longitudinally interconnected gas spaces that provide a lowresistance internal pathway for gas movement (Armstrong 1979; Colmer 2003) . Additionally, when exposed to hypoxia,  \naerial organs such as leaf sheaths and stems have the ability to develop aerenchyma (Striker et al. 2019; Mignolli et al. 2020) . Using this pathway, oxygen moves from the shoot towards the roots (and the rhizosphere), while carbon dioxide, ethylene, and methane are released from the soil ","cbCaibulla1S6XAb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibulla1S6XAb","pdf",484023,"English","# Introduction\n## Gas movement challenges under flooding\n## Oxygen supply strategies and aerenchyma formation\n# Oxygen Diffusion in Roots\n## Diffusion dependence on anatomy and environment\n## Types of aerenchyma","[{\"question\":\"Why is oxygen transport especially crucial for flood-prone plants?\",\"answer\":\"Flooding limits soil oxygen, so plants must ensure oxygen reaches their cells despite hypoxia/anoxia. Gas movement supports aerobic processes and prevents energy shortages caused by restricted exchange.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the primary mechanism of oxygen movement in plant roots?\",\"answer\":\"Oxygen movement in plant roots is mainly explained by diffusion. Diffusivity depends on root anatomy, morphology, physiology, and environmental conditions such as temperature and oxygen demand.\"},{\"question\":\"How do pressurized convective flows assist oxygen transport in some species?\",\"answer\":\"Certain emergent or floating-leaved species can use pressurized (convective) flows to facilitate gas movement in stems and rhizomes. The article identifies humidity-induced positive pressure, thermal osmosis, and venturi-induced suction from wind over broken culms, with stronger activity during the day.\"}]","An overview of oxygen transport in plants: diffusion and convection | PDF",1792272573,15]