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Liquid biopsy has advanced molecular diagnostics through minimally invasive sampling, with exosomes acting as nucleic-acid-rich particles present in body fluids and promising biomarkers for tumor growth and metastasis. Challenges in isolating exosomes and extracting microRNAs hinder reliable miRNA expression profiling because of low yield, time-intensive workflows, and damage to exosomal structure. This review summarizes key drawbacks of widely used exosome isolation methods and the need for standardization to support ovarian cancer detection.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-overview-of-challenges-associated-with-exosomal-mirna-isolation-toward-liquid-biopsy-based-ovarian-cancer-detection/330545/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-overview-of-challenges-associated-with-exosomal-mirna-isolation-toward-liquid-biopsy-based-ovarian-cancer-detection/330545.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is early detection of ovarian cancer still challenging?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Ovarian cancer is associated with less well-known symptoms and lacks an accurate detection method, making early diagnosis difficult.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does liquid biopsy improve ovarian cancer diagnosis?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Liquid biopsy is minimally invasive and uses straightforward sample collection, enabling molecular diagnostics through cell-free nucleic acids and related markers.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are the main challenges in exosomal miRNA isolation for liquid biopsy?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Exosome isolation and miRNA extraction are arduous, with limitations in time commitment, yield, and damage to exosomal structure, leading to discrepancies in miRNA-based expression profiling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},330545,1790194394,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},4810365810221,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Heliyon 10 (2024) e30328  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nHeliyon  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)[ www.cell.com/heliyon](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)  \n| Review article\u003Cbr>An overview of challenges associated with exosomal miRNA isolation toward liquid biopsy-based ovarian cancer detection\u003Cbr>*\u003Cbr>Mridula Bhadra , Manisha Sachan\u003Cbr>Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology-Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords: microRNA Exosomes Isolation Ovarian cancer Liquid biopsy |  | As one of the deadliest gynaecological cancers, ovarian cancer has been on the list. With lesserknown symptoms and lack of an accurate detection method, it is still difficult to catch it early. In terms of both the diagnosis and outlook for cancer, liquid biopsy has come a long way with significant advancements. Exosomes, extracellular components commonly shed by cancerous cells, are nucleic acid-rich particles floating in almost all body fluids and hold enormous promise, leading to minimallyinvasive molecular diagnostics. They have been shown as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy, being implicated in tumour growth and metastasis. In order to address the drawbacks of ovarian cancer tumor heterogeneity, a liquid biopsy-based approach is being investigated by detecting cell-free nucleic acids, particularly non-coding RNAs, having the advantage of being less invasive and more prominent in nature. microRNAs are known to actively contribute to cancer development and their existence inside exosomes has also been made quite apparent which can be leveraged to diagnose and treat the disease. Extraction of miRNAs and exosomes is an arduous execution, and while other approaches have been investigated, none have produced results that are as encouraging due to limits in time commitment, yield, and, most significantly, damage to the exosomal structure resulting discrepancies in miRNA-based expression profiling for disease diagnosis. We have briefly outlined and reviewed the difficulties with exosome isolation techniques and the need for their standardization. The several widely used procedures and their drawbacks in terms of the exosomal purity they may produce have also been outlined. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nOvarian cancer, having the highest overall gynaecological cancer fatality rate, has been one of the most prevalent cancers among women, with a 5-year survival rate of fewer than 20 % and a very low prognosis when diagnosed at an advanced stage, however, the early-stage diagnosis has shown to have a better survival rate of more than 90 %[1]. Despite the availability of modern advanced diagnostic tools and medical amenities, more than half of cases are identified at an advanced stage as a result, the survival rate is only  \nAbbreviations: OC, Ovarian Cancer; EOC, Epithelial Ovarian Cancer; miRNA, miR, Micro RNA; qRT-PCR, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; FIGO, Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics; hsa, Homo sapiens; CTC, circulating tumor cell; cfDNA, cell-free DNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; EV, extracellular vesicles; cfmiRNA, cell-free micro-RNA; CD, cluster of differentiation; ADAR, Adenosine deaminases; APOBEC, Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Catalytic Polypeptide-like; EMT, Epithelial mesenchymal transition.  \n* Corresponding author.  \n[E-mail address:](E-mail address: manishas@mnnit.ac.in)[ manishas@mnnit.ac.in](E-mail address: manishas@mnnit.ac.in) (M. Sachan).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30328](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30328)  \nReceived 30 October 2023; Received in revised form 23 April 2024; Accepted 23 April 2024 Available online 25 April 2024  \n2405-8440/© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license  \n([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0","cbCaiukQi1XUStVv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiukQi1XUStVv","pdf",3154362,"English","# Introduction\n## Liquid biopsy and diagnostic challenges\n## Exosomes and miRNA as biomarkers\n## Purpose and scope of the review","[{\"question\":\"Why is early detection of ovarian cancer still challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Ovarian cancer is associated with less well-known symptoms and lacks an accurate detection method, making early diagnosis difficult.\"},{\"question\":\"How does liquid biopsy improve ovarian cancer diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"Liquid biopsy is minimally invasive and uses straightforward sample collection, enabling molecular diagnostics through cell-free nucleic acids and related markers.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main challenges in exosomal miRNA isolation for liquid biopsy?\",\"answer\":\"Exosome isolation and miRNA extraction are arduous, with limitations in time commitment, yield, and damage to exosomal structure, leading to discrepancies in miRNA-based expression profiling.\"}]","An overview of challenges associated with exosomal miRNA isolation toward liquid biopsy-based ovarian cancer detection | PDF",1789989362]