[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-133662-en":3,"doc-seo-133662-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},133662,962085564381,"Bintang","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",8,"Research & Report","An outline of savant syndrome","Review covering savant syndrome research from 2000–2022 using PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. The paper describes savant syndrome frequency in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders, differentiates congenital versus acquired forms, and summarizes cognitive theories while noting that neuroimaging has not produced a unified anatomical basis. It highlights limitations of prior neuroimaging due to small samples and discusses magnetic brain stimulation as a promising direction for clarifying neurophysiology and pathomechanisms.","Psychiatr. Pol. 2024; 58(4): 681–691  \nPL ISSN 0033-2674 (PRINT), ISSN 2391-5854 (ONLINE) [www.psychiatriapolska.pl](www.psychiatriapolska.pl)  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/157104](https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/157104)  \nAn outline of savant syndrome  \nGracjan Rudziński, Kinga Pożarowska, Kinga Brzu szkiewicz,  \nEwelina Sor oka  \nII Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin  \nSummary  \nThis article is a review of research on savant syndrome from years 2000–2022 – available in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases.  \nSavant syndrome occurs with a frequency of 1.4 per 1,000 people with intellectual disabilities and in 10% of people with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Autism is the disorder that most often co-occurs with savant syndrome – in about 50% of all people with a savant syndrome diagnosis. Researchers distinguish between: congenital savant syndrome– which affects about 90% of people with the syndrome, and acquired savant syndrome–which occurs in the course of frontotemporal dementia or in people who have experienced trauma to the central nervous system. There are many cognitive theories that explain savant abilities. The anatomical basis of this entity has not been discovered using neuroimaging techniques.  \nTo date, no unified theory has been created that reliably explains the etiology and pathomechanism ofsavant syndrome. Previous neuroimaging studies of people with symptoms ofsavant syndrome have been conducted on too few subjects. There are indications that magnetic brain stimulation may contribute to a better understanding of the neurophysiological basis of this syndrome.  \nKey words: savant syndrome, autism, neuroimaging  \nIntroduction  \nSavant syndrome is a rare psychopathological syndrome. A person afflicted with this syndrome possesses extraordinary skills that are the opposite of his or her general limitations associated with the intellectual disability that is present in most cases. These skills, due to their nature, are called “islands of genius” [1] . The syndrome can be present from birth (congenital) or occur as a result of disease or injury to the central nervous system (acquired). Usually, the abilities relate to five general areas – art, calendar computation, music, mathematics, or visuospatial/mechanical skills. These  \nabilities usually occur individually [2] . 10% of people affected by autism spectrum disorders exhibit savant characteristics. People with symptoms of this syndrome experience many difficulties in communication, social skills. Savants are characterized by outstanding memory in narrow areas of special interest to them [3] .  \nThe first description of the syndrome was published in a German scientific journal in 1783 (Gnōthi sautón oder Magazin zurr Erfahrungsseelenkunde als ein Lesebuch für Gelehrte und Ungelehrte, Berlin) [4] . In 1887, Dr. J. Langdon Down described savant syndrome as a separate disease entity. He presented a description of a boy who could recite back and forth The Fall of the Roman Empire, verbatim [5] .  \nSavants are characterized by a tendency to focus on details [6], possibly related to an obsessive personality profile [7]. It is worth mentioning that savant syndrome includes a spectrum of abilities of varying degrees. The rarest occurrence is characterized by the so-called prodigious savant. Treffner [8] estimated that in 2009 there were about 100 such prodigiously gifted savants in the world. The most common are “splinter skills”. These are very specific skills disconnected from a related broader set of skills. They include obsessive memorization and interest in music trivia, sports, maps, and license plate numbers.“Talented savants” are people with cognitive disorders in whom musical, artistic or other special abilities are highly developed, usually in one area, and draw attention in juxtaposition with general disabilities [8] .  \nEpidemiology  \nTref","cbCaildpXj2IFMC9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaildpXj2IFMC9","pdf",255054,4,1,11,"English","en",105,"# Summary\n# Introduction\n## Core features and developmental forms\n## Cognitive and behavioral characteristics\n# Epidemiology\n## Prevalence in intellectual disability and autism\n## Congenital versus acquired and sex differences","[{\"question\":\"How common is savant syndrome in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders?\",\"answer\":\"Savant syndrome is reported at about 1.4 per 1,000 people with intellectual disabilities and in about 10% of people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main types of savant syndrome discussed in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review distinguishes congenital savant syndrome (about 90% of cases) from acquired savant syndrome, which occurs in frontotemporal dementia or after central nervous system trauma.\"},{\"question\":\"Why hasn’t a unified explanation been established, and what research direction is suggested?\",\"answer\":\"No single theory reliably explains etiology and pathomechanism, and earlier neuroimaging work involved too few subjects. Magnetic brain stimulation is proposed as a way to improve understanding of the neurophysiological basis.\"}]","An outline of savant syndrome | PDF",1787224074,28,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"an-outline-of-savant-syndrome","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-outline-of-savant-syndrome/133662/",{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-30","2026-08-20",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How common is savant syndrome in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Savant syndrome is reported at about 1.4 per 1,000 people with intellectual disabilities and in about 10% of people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What are the main types of savant syndrome discussed in the review?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The review distinguishes congenital savant syndrome (about 90% of cases) from acquired savant syndrome, which occurs in frontotemporal dementia or after central nervous system trauma.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Why hasn’t a unified explanation been established, and what research direction is suggested?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"No single theory reliably explains etiology and pathomechanism, and earlier neuroimaging work involved too few subjects. 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