[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-51710-en":3,"doc-seo-51710-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},51710,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1782109480056885918",8,"Research & Report","An Investigation of Plant-Induced Suction and Its Implications for Slope Stability","Plant biomass above and below ground enhances soil strength through mechanisms that improve the stability of vegetated slopes, yet shallow landslides still occur on steep, vegetated terrain, often triggered above the groundwater table after rainfall reduces suction. Large-scale direct shear results and landslide slope geometry are synthesized using infinite slope analysis under partially saturated conditions to identify critical slope-angle and suction-stress combinations. Monte Carlo simulations separate stable from unstable zones, enabling regional near-surface failure susceptibility mapping and supporting an early warning approach.","Accepted manuscript  \nAs a service to our authors and readers, we are putting peer-reviewed accepted manuscripts (AM) online, in the Ahead of Print section of each journal web page, shortly after acceptance.  \nDisclaimer  \nThe AM is yet to be copyedited and formatted in journal house style but can still be read and referenced by quoting its unique reference number, the digital object identifier (DOI) . Once the AM has been typeset, an ‘uncorrected proof’ PDF will replace the ‘accepted manuscript’PDF. These formatted articles may still be corrected by the authors. During the Production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.  \nVersion of record  \nThe final edited article will be published in PDF and HTML and will contain all author corrections and is considered the version of record. Authors wishing to reference an article published Ahead of Print should quote its DOI. When an issue becomes available, queuing Ahead of Print articles will move to that issue’s Table of Contents. When the article is published in a journal issue, the full reference should be cited in addition to the DOI.  \nProceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering  \nSubmitted: 13 November 2018  \nPublished online in ‘accepted manuscript’ format: 25 March 2019  \nManuscript title: An investigation of plant-induced suction and its implications for slope stability  \nAuthors: Anil Yildiz1,2, Frank Graf2 and Sarah M. Springman 1  \nAffiliations: 1Institute for Geotechnical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and 2WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf, Switzerland Corresponding author: Anil Yildiz, Institute for Geotechnical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.  \nE-mail: [anil.yildiz@igt.baug.ethz.ch](anil.yildiz@igt.baug.ethz.ch)  \nProceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering  \nAbstract  \nBoth above-and below-ground biomass of plants provide additional strength to soil through different mechanisms, which help to increase the stability of a vegetated slope. Nonetheless, shallow landslides on steep slopes covered with vegetation still occur, often being triggered above the groundwater table, due to loss of suction subsequent to rainfall. Therefore, it is essential to know to what extent vegetation enhances slope stability, and to quantify the contribution of vegetation to the shear strength of soil to determine factors of safety. Results of large-scale direct shear experiments on root-permeated soils and slope geometry from a landslide database were synthesised through an infinite slope analysis under partially saturated conditions to find critical combinations of slope angle and suction stress. Monte Carlo simulations yielded a clear separation of stable and unstable zones, which can be used to define the susceptibility of a slope to near surface failure. This method, based on the simulations, has the potential to be used as a regional early warning system.  \nKeywords: Landslides; statistical analysis; suction; vegetation  \nProceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering  \nIntroduction  \nA slope would be marginally stable when the slope angle is equal to the internal friction angle of dry soil. Any additional shear strength can be mobilised due to suction, vegetation, or anyother stabilising agents for a slope with an angle steeper than the internal friction angle of the soil. This additional strength due to suction can be lost either after a heavy rainfall event over a short duration (Brandt et al., 1984; D’Amato Avanzi et al., 2004; Guzzetti et al., 2004) or more moderate rainfall over a long duration (Lumb, 1975) . This loss, or even a decrease in suction, can trigger rainfall-induced landslides (Picarelli et al., 2016; Urciuoli et al., 2016;  \nGreco et al., 2010) .  \nConventional civil engineering tech","cbCairyLuk6VwziM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairyLuk6VwziM","pdf",968742,3,1,24,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Plant-induced suction and soil shear strength\n## Materials and methods\n## Results and analysis\n## Implications for slope stability and early warning","[{\"question\":\"Why can rainfall trigger shallow landslides on vegetated steep slopes?\",\"answer\":\"Rainfall can cause loss of suction above the groundwater table, reducing the additional shear strength contributed by suction. This loss can initiate rainfall-induced landslides even when vegetation is present.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study quantify the role of vegetation in slope stability?\",\"answer\":\"Large-scale direct shear experiments on root-permeated soils and slope geometry from a landslide database are combined with infinite slope analysis under partially saturated conditions. Monte Carlo simulations then evaluate critical combinations of slope angle and suction stress.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of using Monte Carlo simulations in this work?\",\"answer\":\"Monte Carlo simulations generate a clear separation between stable and unstable zones under varying conditions. The resulting susceptibility mapping supports near-surface failure assessment and can feed into regional early warning systems.\"}]",1783631406,60,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"an-investigation-of-plant-induced-suction-and-its-implications-for-slope-stability","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-investigation-of-plant-induced-suction-and-its-implications-for-slope-stability/51710/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-13","2026-07-09",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why can rainfall trigger shallow landslides on vegetated steep slopes?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Rainfall can cause loss of suction above the groundwater table, reducing the additional shear strength contributed by suction. This loss can initiate rainfall-induced landslides even when vegetation is present.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the study quantify the role of vegetation in slope stability?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Large-scale direct shear experiments on root-permeated soils and slope geometry from a landslide database are combined with infinite slope analysis under partially saturated conditions. Monte Carlo simulations then evaluate critical combinations of slope angle and suction stress.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What is the purpose of using Monte Carlo simulations in this work?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Monte Carlo simulations generate a clear separation between stable and unstable zones under varying conditions. 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