[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-593099-105":59,"doc-detail-593099-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","an-investigation-of-distance-education-activities-of-non-governmental-organizations-ngos-in-turkey-during-the-covid-19-pandemic","An Investigation of Distance Education Activities of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Turkey During the COVID-19 Pandemic","","This study investigates distance education activities conducted by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) working in education in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative descriptive design, it evaluates NGO distance education activities through document analysis of 2020 activity reports from ten NGOs selected via maximum variation sampling. Inductive content analysis shows that most initiatives emphasized creating digital content and materials and developing online education programs, guided by efforts to reduce inequalities in access to education and address the digital divide while enhancing teachers’ pedagogical agility.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-investigation-of-distance-education-activities-of-non-governmental-organizations-ngos-in-turkey-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/593099/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-investigation-of-distance-education-activities-of-non-governmental-organizations-ngos-in-turkey-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/593099.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the focus of the study on NGOs during the pandemic?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study focused on how education-focused NGOs in Turkey carried out distance education activities during COVID-19, including practices they used and principles guiding their work.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the NGO activity reports analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research used document analysis of 2020 activity reports from ten NGOs. Reports were selected using maximum variation sampling and then subjected to inductive content analysis.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the results show about the main type of NGO distance education activities?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Most NGO initiatives concentrated on creating digital content and materials and developing online education programs, aiming to reduce inequalities in access to education and mitigate the digital divide.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},593099,1792167760,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","An investigation of distance education activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic  \nBetül Balkar  \nAbstract: This study investigates the distance education activities of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) working in the field of education in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The distance education activities of NGOs , practices of NGOs assisting distance education, and principles adopted by NGOs in the distance education activities during the pandemic were examined in the study. In this qualitative descriptive study, the distance education activities of NGOs during the pandemic were evaluated through document analysis. The activity reports of ten NGOs for the year 2020 were analyzed as part of the document analysis. The NGOs whose activity reports were addressed were selected using maximum variation sampling, thus reports from NGOs operating in various educational areas were examined. Activity reports were subjected to content analysis using an inductive approach. According to the results, distance education activities of NGOs during the pandemic mostly focused on the creation of digital content and materials, as well as the development of online education programs. The notion of decreasing inequalities in terms of access to education has guided the majority of distant education initiatives of NGOs during the pandemic. The activities of NGOs have been especially effective in preventing digital use divide in society and providing teachers with pedagogical agility.  \nKeywords: distance education , non-governmental organizations , COVID-19 pandemic , transition to distance education , document analysis  \nHighlights  \nWhat is already known about this topic:  \n• The emergency transition to distance education with the COVID-19 pandemic has caused various problems in accessing distance education.  \n• In the emergency transition to distance education due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many educational institutions did not have the institutional capacity to respond effectively to emerging needs. This situation necessitated the involvement of various actors such as NGOs in meeting these emerging needs.  \nWhat this paper contributes:  \n• This research clarifies the role that NGOs can play in reducing inequalities in access to distance education. Thus , the research will contribute to the prevention of inequalities arising from digital divide in education.  \n• The research may contribute to disseminate the activities of NGOs for various stakeholders in education by identifying the activities that are effective in improving the quality of distance education.  \nImplications for theory, practice and/or policy:  \n• NGOs should carry out the trainings of distance education competencies they developed for teachers in cooperation with schools. Such collaborative practices can help solve the problems arising from the lack of teacher competencies.  \n• Groups that need support in distance education should be inclusively determined from social, economic, cultural and professional perspectives to strengthen the role of NGOs in reducing inequalities in access to distance education .  \nIntroduction  \nThe COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a global transition to distance education at all levels of education. Since the transition to digital education due to COVID-19 cannot be called online education, the concept of emergency remote teaching is used to describe this new situation (Hodges et al. , 2020) . While there is an institutional infrastructure for the realization of teaching in online education, it is tried to provide teaching in emergency remote education without an existing or appropriate infrastructure support (Rapanta et al. , 2020) . While teaching takes place as a result of instructional design and planning in online education, in emergency remote education, there is a temporary transition to an alternative delivery mode in education depending on the crisis and distance solutions are used in educat","cbCaisO5I635chLt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisO5I635chLt","pdf",488337,24,"English","# Introduction\n## Emergency remote teaching vs online education\n## Challenges in Turkey’s distance education transition\n# Methodology\n## Qualitative descriptive design and document analysis\n## NGO report selection and content analysis","[{\"question\":\"What was the focus of the study on NGOs during the pandemic?\",\"answer\":\"The study focused on how education-focused NGOs in Turkey carried out distance education activities during COVID-19, including practices they used and principles guiding their work.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the NGO activity reports analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"The research used document analysis of 2020 activity reports from ten NGOs. Reports were selected using maximum variation sampling and then subjected to inductive content analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about the main type of NGO distance education activities?\",\"answer\":\"Most NGO initiatives concentrated on creating digital content and materials and developing online education programs, aiming to reduce inequalities in access to education and mitigate the digital divide.\"}]","An Investigation of Distance Education Activities of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Turkey During the COVID-19 Pandemic | PDF",1792076599]