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The manual explains how to use R interactively, obtain help, and work efficiently with commands, including case sensitivity and correction of previous inputs. It introduces core programming objects such as vectors, numbers, logical and character vectors, missing values, and indexing, then progresses to attributes, factors, and matrix operations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-introduction-to-r-notes-on-r-a-programming-environment-for-data-analysis-and-graphics-version-461/640107/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-introduction-to-r-notes-on-r-a-programming-environment-for-data-analysis-and-graphics-version-461/640107.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"DoDO","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the manual cover about using R interactively?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It explains how to use R interactively, including getting help with functions and features, using commands with awareness of case sensitivity, and recalling and correcting previous commands.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the manual introduce fundamental data structures in R?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It presents vectors and assignment, vector arithmetic, regular sequences, logical and character vectors, missing values, and how to index vectors to select and modify subsets of data.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which topics about object properties and categories are included?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It covers objects’ intrinsic attributes like mode and length, changing object length, getting and setting attributes, and determining an object’s class.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What is discussed regarding factors and matrix/array operations?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"It introduces ordered and unordered factors, demonstrates using tapply() with ragged arrays, and then covers arrays and matrices including array indexing and indexing matrices.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},640107,1793030721,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},962093270745,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","An Introduction to R  \nNotes on R: A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics Version 4.6.1 (2026-06-24)  \nW . N . Venables, D . M . Smith  \nand the R Core Team  \nThis manual is for R, version 4.6.1 (2026-06-24) .  \nCopyright 􀀍c 1990 W. N. Venables  \nCopyright 􀀍c 1992 W. N. Venables & D. M. Smith Copyright 􀀍c 1997 R. Gentleman & R. Ihaka Copyright 􀀍c 1997, 1998 M. Maechler  \nCopyright 􀀍c 1999–2026 R Core Team  \nPermission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.  \nPermission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.  \nPermission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the R Core Team.  \ni  \nTable of Contents  \nPreface : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1  \n1 Introduction and preliminaries : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2  \n1. 1 The R environment : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2  \n1.2 Related software and documentation : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2  \n1.3 R and statistics : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2  \n1.4 R and the window system : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3  \n1.5 Using R interactively : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3  \n1.6 An introductory session : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4  \n1.7 Getting help with functions and features : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4  \n1.8 R commands, case sensitivity, etc. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4  \n1.9 Recall and correction of previous commands : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5  \n1.10 Executing commands from or diverting output to a file : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5  \n1.11 Data permanency and removing objects : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5  \n2 Simple manipulations; numbers and vectors : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7  \n2.1 Vectors and assignment : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7  \n2.2 Vector arithmetic : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7  \n2.3 Generating regular sequences : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 8  \n2.4 Logical vectors : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9  \n2.5 Missing values : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9  \n2.6 Character vectors : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10  \n2.7 Index vectors; selecting and modifying subsets o","cbCaioREb6KQx0O0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioREb6KQx0O0","pdf",597923,103,"English","# Preface\n# 1 Introduction and preliminaries\n## 1.1 The R environment\n## 1.2 Related software and documentation\n## 1.3 R and statistics\n## 1.4 R and the window system\n## 1.5 Using R interactively\n## 1.6 An introductory session\n## 1.7 Getting help with functions and features\n## 1.8 R commands, case sensitivity, etc.\n## 1.9 Recall and correction of previous commands\n## 1.10 Executing commands from or diverting output to a file\n## 1.11 Data permanency and removing objects\n# 2 Simple manipulations; numbers and vectors\n## 2.1 Vectors and assignment\n## 2.2 Vector arithmetic\n## 2.3 Generating regular sequences\n## 2.4 Logical vectors\n## 2.5 Missing values\n## 2.6 Character vectors\n## 2.7 Index vectors; selecting and modifying subsets of a data set\n## 2.8 Other types of objects\n# 3 Objects, their modes and attributes\n## 3.1 Intrinsic attributes: mode and length\n## 3.2 Changing the length of an object\n## 3.3 Getting and setting attributes\n## 3.4 The class of an object\n# 4 Ordered and unordered factors\n## 4.1 A specific example\n## 4.2 The function tapply() and ragged arrays\n## 4.3 Ordered factors\n# 5 Arrays and matrices\n## 5.1 Arrays\n## 5.2 Array indexing. Subsections of an array\n## 5.3 Index matrices","[{\"question\":\"What does the manual cover about using R interactively?\",\"answer\":\"It explains how to use R interactively, including getting help with functions and features, using commands with awareness of case sensitivity, and recalling and correcting previous commands.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the manual introduce fundamental data structures in R?\",\"answer\":\"It presents vectors and assignment, vector arithmetic, regular sequences, logical and character vectors, missing values, and how to index vectors to select and modify subsets of data.\"},{\"question\":\"Which topics about object properties and categories are included?\",\"answer\":\"It covers objects’ intrinsic attributes like mode and length, changing object length, getting and setting attributes, and determining an object’s class.\"},{\"question\":\"What is discussed regarding factors and matrix/array operations?\",\"answer\":\"It introduces ordered and unordered factors, demonstrates using tapply() with ragged arrays, and then covers arrays and matrices including array indexing and indexing matrices.\"}]","An Introduction to R - Notes on R - A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics Version 4.6.1 | PDF",1792707843,260]