[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-149611-en":3,"doc-seo-149611-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},149611,962084928904,"Jake","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",10,"Lifestyle","An Introduction to Our Home - Oldman Watershed","文档以叙述性与科普视角介绍加拿大阿尔伯塔省的Oldman watershed（老人与河流流域）及其自然与人文脉络：从手背血管般的水系形态、山地—丘陵—草原的地貌演化与冰川作用，到道路与行政边界如何勾勒人类足迹；同时追溯早期原住民、野牛与“Old Man / Napi”神话名称来源，并概述哈得逊湾公司与毛皮贸易、彼得·菲德勒等探险以及北西骑警进入流域的历史节点。","An Introduction to Our Home  \nBy Lorne Fitch, P. Biol.  \nIf you look at the back of your hand, and the branching veins reaching up into your fingers and then leading down your arm to the rest of you- that gives you a picture of the Oldman watershed. The fingers, which are the major contributing rivers, provide the form of the watershed. The five major ones are the Oldman, Crowsnest, Castle, Belly/Waterton and St. Mary rivers. Less evident are the dozens of named tributaries and more unnamed ones. Water flowing down and beneath those channels breathes life into southern Alberta.  \nLooking down on the watershed from a high altitude the bordering mountains are a naked and serene backbone of twisted and tortured rock. Forests of conifer cling to the slopes and begin to thin towards the rolling fescue grassland of the foothills. As the elevation drops and flattens there are the remains of the native prairie, its tawny skin stretched tightly over a largely treeless expanse. From west to east run sinuous ribbons of water, connected like veins in a leaf. Amid this are a few splashes of blue, natural lakes, their receptacles gouged out by glaciers. Larger bodies of blue, some on rivers, some formed in large coulees, are the reservoirs that trap some of the watershed's flow. From them lead straighter channels, the irrigation canals that convey water to fields in the eastern portion of the watershed.  \nEqually evident is the road network, from logging trails in the headwaters, along grid roads of gravel, to four lane highways and streets to driveways and tracks on the prairie ending at awellsite. The transportation network ties our human footprint together from straight-edged clearcuts, rectangular farm fields, green irrigation pivot circles, gas and oil field developments, gravel pits, electrical transmission lines, rail lines, factories and processing facilities to the layouts of our cities and towns. Less evident as a human footprint are the administrative boundaries and lines; municipalities and counties, irrigation districts, government agency regions, electoral areas, the Pikani and Kaini reserves, the Forest Reserve, several provincial parks, two national parks (one in the United States) and an international border.  \nThis is a landscape of relative newness, geologically speaking. Tectonics formed the backbone of the watershed, the mountains of the continental divide, ending in a wink of cosmic time about 25 million years ago. Our mountains, then, rivaled the Himalayas but subsequent erosion has ground them down and scattered much of their remains eastward. Alpine and continental glaciations then shaped the watershed in an epoch that ended a scant 12,000 years or so ago. For the next 11,900 years, give or take a few, other forces, including climate, erosion, fire, drought, floods and grazing combined with plant growth, movement and succession to give us the landscape we are familiar with today. Those forces are still at play, but beneath the radar of our day to day observations and of our human footprint.  \nA three hour drive, at the legal speed limit, will take you from the mountains, the Oldman watershed's western boundary to the eastern edge, at the confluence with the Bow River in the grassland. The passage from the Rocky Mountain natural region, through a sliver of the Foothills natural region to the Grasslands natural region is brief, but breathtaking. Few places on earth can offer such a diverse voyage. We can transport ourselves from cutthroat and bull trout to lake sturgeon and walleye; from bighorn sheep and grizzly bears to antelope and rattlesnakes; and from limber pine and rough fescue to blue grama grass and cactus. We can shiver at an elevation of 2500m on Mt. Lyall at the headwaters of the Oldman River or fry in acorn field near Grassy Lake at 600m. We can ski on several meters of snow one day and at the other end of the watershed watch moisture disappear as evaporation exceeds precipitation. Our riparian cottonwood forests, an","cbCait4QFM6nVuq6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait4QFM6nVuq6","pdf",95325,1,6,"English","en",105,"# An Introduction to Our Home - Oldman Watershed\n## 自然水系与地貌景观\n## 生态多样性与极端环境\n## 人类足迹与历史沿革","[{\"question\":\"文档如何用比喻帮助理解Oldman流域的水系结构？\",\"answer\":\"通过“手背与手指血管”的形象，将主要支流视作贡献河流，并说明水流连接下游直至整体流域。\"},{\"question\":\"Oldman watershed的地貌是如何形成的？\",\"answer\":\"文档指出板块构造形成脊骨般的山系，随后侵蚀把山体逐渐削平；接着高山与大陆冰川塑造流域格局，最终在近12000年前后的时间里结合气候、侵蚀、火灾、干旱、洪水与放牧等力量形成今天熟悉的景观。\"},{\"question\":\"“Oldman”这个名称的来源在文档中如何被解释？\",\"answer\":\"文档说明“Old Man”是Blackfoot的“Napi”的英文翻译，并认为其作为拥有超自然属性的神话人物，与流域源头区域的神话与故事密切相关。\"}]","An Introduction to Our Home - Oldman Watershed | PDF",1787804033,9,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"an-introduction-to-our-home-oldman-watershed","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lifestyle/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-introduction-to-our-home-oldman-watershed/149611/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-27",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"文档如何用比喻帮助理解Oldman流域的水系结构？","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"通过“手背与手指血管”的形象，将主要支流视作贡献河流，并说明水流连接下游直至整体流域。","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Oldman watershed的地貌是如何形成的？",{"text":80,"@type":76},"文档指出板块构造形成脊骨般的山系，随后侵蚀把山体逐渐削平；接着高山与大陆冰川塑造流域格局，最终在近12000年前后的时间里结合气候、侵蚀、火灾、干旱、洪水与放牧等力量形成今天熟悉的景观。",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"“Oldman”这个名称的来源在文档中如何被解释？",{"text":84,"@type":76},"文档说明“Old Man”是Blackfoot的“Napi”的英文翻译，并认为其作为拥有超自然属性的神话人物，与流域源头区域的神话与故事密切相关。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,114,119,124,128,131,133],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":132},"lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]