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S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION  \nAn Introduction to Adaptive Interventions and SMART Designs in Education  \nNovember 2019  \nInbal Nahum-Shani and Daniel Almirall  \nSurvey Research Center  \nInstitute for Social Research  \nData Science for Dynamic Intervention Decision-making Laboratory (d3lab) University of Michigan  \nJacquelyn Buckley  \nProgram Officer  \nNational Center for Special Education Research Institute of Education Sciences  \nU.S. Department of Education  \nBetsy DeVos Secretary  \nInstitute of Education Sciences  \nMark Schneider Director  \nNational Center for Special Education Research  \nJoan McLaughlin Commissioner  \nNational Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance  \nMatthew Soldner Commissioner  \nThis report was prepared for the National Center for Special Education Research (NCSER) and the National  \nCenter for Education Evaluation (NCEE), Institute of Education Sciences under Contract No. ED-IES-17-A-0028 .  \nDisclaimer  \nThe Institute of Education Sciences (IES) at the U.S. Department of Education contracted with Manhattan Strategy Group to develop a guide that addressed how adaptive interventions can contribute to educational practice and to help researchers determine whether to consider adaptive interventions and whether the SMART is the appropriate experimental tool for their research interests. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and they do not necessarily represent the opinions and positions of the Institute of Education Sciences orthe U.S. Department of Education.  \nNovember 2019  \nThe NCSER Home Page address is [https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/](https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/)  \nThe NCSER Publications and Products address is [https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/pubs/](https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/pubs/)  \nThe NCEE Home Page address is [https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/)  \nThe NCEE Publications and Products address is [https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/pubs/](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/pubs/)  \nThis publication is only available online. To download, view, and print the report as a PDF file, go to the NCSER World Wide Web Publications and Products address shown above.  \nSuggested Citation  \nNahum-Shani, I. and Almirall, D. (2019) . An Introduction to Adaptive Interventions and SMART Designs in Education (NCSER 2020-001) . U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Special Education Research. Retrieved [date] from [https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/pubs/](https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/pubs/) .  \nReport Contact  \nJacquelyn Buckley  \n(202) 245-6607  \n[Jacquelyn.Buckley@ed.gov](Jacquelyn.Buckley@ed.gov)  \nTable of Contents  \nAbstract......................................................................................................................................... 1  \nIntroduction .................................................................................................................................. 2  \nAdaptive Interventions..................................................................................................................4  \nWhat Is an Adaptive Intervention? ...........................................................................................4  \nWhat Are the Components of an Adaptive Intervention? .........................................................4  \nWhat Is the Rationale for Adaptive Interventions in Education? .............................................. 6  \nHow Can Adaptive Interventions be Expanded Beyond the Student-Level? ............................ 7  \nHow Can Intervention Components be Selected and Integrated to Form an Effective Adaptive Intervention? ............................................................................................................. 8  \nSequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMART)..................................................... 11  \nWhat Is a SMART? .....................................................","cbCaidKc6GdphOUj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidKc6GdphOUj","pdf",2482118,45,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Adaptive Interventions\n## What Is an Adaptive Intervention?\n## What Are the Components of an Adaptive Intervention?\n## What Is the Rationale for Adaptive Interventions in Education?\n## How Can Adaptive Interventions be Expanded Beyond the Student-Level?\n## How Can Intervention Components be Selected and Integrated to Form an Effective Adaptive Intervention?\n# Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMART)\n## What Is a SMART?\n## What Types of Scientific Questions Can Be Answered With a SMART?\n## How Can SMART Data Be Used to Address Common Scientific Questions Concerning the Development of an Adaptive Intervention?\n## When to Consider a SMART Design","[{\"question\":\"What is an adaptive intervention in education?\",\"answer\":\"An adaptive intervention is an approach that adjusts intervention components based on information gathered over time. The report explains how this adaptive structure operates in educational settings.\"},{\"question\":\"What components make up an adaptive intervention?\",\"answer\":\"The report describes the components used to construct adaptive interventions and how they can be selected and integrated to form an effective intervention strategy.\"},{\"question\":\"When should researchers consider using a SMART design?\",\"answer\":\"Researchers should consider a SMART design when the intervention being developed is adaptive, when evidence exists to inform component selection and integration, and when there is interest in answering questions about multiple stages of the adaptive intervention.\"}]","An Introduction to Adaptive Interventions and SMART Designs in Education - November 2019 | PDF",1792054831,113]