[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-427157-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":85,"doc-detail-427157-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":84},105,"en","an-intersectional-approach-to-understanding-the-psychological-health-effects-of-combining-work-and-caregiving-no-feature-marker","AN INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF COMBINING WORK AND CAREGIVING - [No feature marker]","","Role theory indicates that holding simultaneous midlife employment and family caregiving roles can shape psychological health in both beneficial and harmful ways. Prior evidence lacks causal estimates of how combined roles affect psychological health through the intersection of gender and racial identity. Using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data (2004–2018), fixed-effects models relate employment status and parental caregiving circumstances to CES-D depression scores among adults aged 50–65.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-intersectional-approach-to-understanding-the-psychological-health-effects-of-combining-work-and-caregiving-no-feature-marker/427157/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-intersectional-approach-to-understanding-the-psychological-health-effects-of-combining-work-and-caregiving-no-feature-marker/427157.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Jiven","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What research gap does the study address?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It evaluates how combining employment and parental caregiving causally relates to psychological health outcomes, specifically at the intersection of gender and racial identity.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which dataset and outcome measure are used?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study uses longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data from 2004–2018 and models CES-D depression scores as the psychological health outcome.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How do combined work and caregiving roles relate to depression symptoms?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Fixed-effects results show combining work with parental caregiving is linked to higher depressive symptoms than only working, but lower symptoms than only caregiving. Paid employment appears protective, while parental caregiving may increase risk later in life.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Do the protective effects differ by race and gender?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Using an intersectional lens, combining paid work with parental caregiving shows a protective effect on CES-D scores among White women and men. This effect is not observed for Black men and women.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},427157,1791360819,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",[88,92,96,100,105,109,114,118,123,126,130],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},8,30,"research-report",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":125},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":129},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":133},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":135},{"doc_id":83,"user_id":136,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":115,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":22,"language":143,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":147,"read_time":30},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2 129  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.427  \nAN INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH TO  \nUNDERSTANDING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH  \nEFFECTS OF COMBINING WORK AND CAREGIVING  \nSamantha Brady1, Taylor Patskanick2, and Joseph Coughlin2, 1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology AgeLab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States  \nRole theory suggests occupying simultaneous family caregiving and employment roles in midlife may exert positive and negative effects on psychological health. However, there is a lack of causal evidence examining the degree to which combinations of these roles influence psychological health at the intersection of gender and racial identity. Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2018) are used to estimate a series of individual fixed effects models examining combinations of employment status and parental caregiving situation on Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale (CES-D) depression scores among Black and White men and women aged 50–65.  \nSubsequent models were stratified by intensity of caregiving situation and work schedule. Individual fixed effects models demonstrate combining work, and parental caregiving is associated with greater depressive symp¬toms than only working, and with lower depressive symptoms than only caregiving, suggesting that paid employment exerts a protective effect on psychological health whereas parental caregiving may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms in later life. Analyses using an intersectionallens found that combining paid work with parental caregiving exerted a protective effect on CES-D scores among White women and men regardless of participants’ intensity of care situation or work schedule. This effect was not present for Black men and women. Accounting for intersectionality is imperative to research on family caregiving, work, and psychological health.","cbCaiafElH5bIBgr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiafElH5bIBgr","pdf",169905,"English","# Background and Research Gap\n## Role theory and need for causal evidence\n# Data and Methods\n## Health and Retirement Study (2004–2018)\n## Fixed-effects models and stratification\n# Key Findings\n## Work+caregiving vs only work or only caregiving\n## Intersectional results by race and gender\n# Implications","[{\"question\":\"What research gap does the study address?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates how combining employment and parental caregiving causally relates to psychological health outcomes, specifically at the intersection of gender and racial identity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which dataset and outcome measure are used?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data from 2004–2018 and models CES-D depression scores as the psychological health outcome.\"},{\"question\":\"How do combined work and caregiving roles relate to depression symptoms?\",\"answer\":\"Fixed-effects results show combining work with parental caregiving is linked to higher depressive symptoms than only working, but lower symptoms than only caregiving. Paid employment appears protective, while parental caregiving may increase risk later in life.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the protective effects differ by race and gender?\",\"answer\":\"Using an intersectional lens, combining paid work with parental caregiving shows a protective effect on CES-D scores among White women and men. This effect is not observed for Black men and women.\"}]","AN INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF COMBINING WORK AND CAREGIVING - [No feature marker] | PDF",1790643037]