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Using action research, the study evaluates student understanding with students as primary participants and teachers as secondary participants, finding peace education is neither implicitly nor overtly included prior to the intervention.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-initiative-to-introduce-peace-education-in-bed-hons-program/596203/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-initiative-to-introduce-peace-education-in-bed-hons-program/596203.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Guten tag","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Why does the study emphasize peace education for conflict resolution?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The study states that peace education helps individuals and society build social and cultural values, identify root causes of conflict, and develop skills and behavioral change for just resolution.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How was the action research in the B.Ed. (Hons) program designed?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Students were the primary participants and teachers were secondary participants. The study used an intervention carried out over two cycles to evaluate changes in understanding and perceptions.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What did the study find about peace education in the existing B.Ed. (Hons) curriculum?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The findings indicate peace education was not included implicitly, nor implemented overtly or covertly in the curriculum before the intervention, and teachers and students lacked prior understanding.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},596203,1792887705,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687212321768,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a0010bdbe886d2fe77?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789897067658708522","An Initiative to Introduce Peace Education in B.Ed. (Hons) Program  \nNaina Hassan Ali*and Nasreen Hussain**  \nAbstract  \nToday, we are living in an era of violence and conflicts and many people have forgotten their values and norms that are essential for living peacefully in societies. Peace education is the only way to overcome these problems because it helps to enrich both social as well as cultural values of an individual, and a society as a whole. In order, for peace education to become a steady insertion and curriculum anticipation within schools, teachers must be well trained to reduce conflicts within the society. Therefore, integrating the concept of peace education in teachers’ training institutions is very essential. For this purpose, the study used action research methodology to identify students understanding regarding the concept of peace education in B.Ed. (Hons) program. For this study, students were primary participants, whereas, teachers were secondary participants. The findings from this study revealed that peace education is not included implicitly in the B.Ed. (Hons) curriculum, nor it has been implemented overtly or covertly in the curriculum. Before the intervention, teachers and students did not have prior understanding of peace education. However, after the completion of two cycles, students’ perceptions regarding the concept of peace education has improved.  \nKeywords:Higher education, peace, peace education, teacher education.  \n*Lecturer, Hamdard University, Karachi, [Email: naina.hassan123@gmail.com](Email: naina.hassan123@gmail.com)  \n**Professor, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, [Email: nasreen.hussain@iobm.edu.pk](Email: nasreen.hussain@iobm.edu.pk)  \nIntroduction  \nConflict had been one of the most prevalent features of human occurrence since the beginning history (Ahmed & Bukhari, 2019) . It exists universally within nation-states, locally among social groups, in dyadic associations and within individuals. Many efforts have been made to resolve conflicts at each of these levels with varying degrees of success. The world continues to expand with socio-economic, cultural and political problems; however, peace and safety issues are on top of the list, which is building a thoughtful risk to human reality at global level (Kester, 2017) . Evolving aggressions among nation states, particularly people with weapons of mass destruction (WMD) have made the world vulnerable. One of the reasons for the most pervasive and dangerous conflict is that people belong to different cultural identities.  \nBeing a member of the global community, Pakistan is no exception in terms of conflict. History has witnessed multiple conflicts recurring in their ugliest forms across the country. The worst among these are ethnic violence and sectarian-religious conflicts. These conflicts have brought unprecedented expansion to terrorism and extremist ideologies, causing stern extortions to the conceptual and national integrity of Pakistan (Bajaj, 2019) . What can be done to curtail this air of extremism? Can it be done overnight, or will it require a phased approach? Current peace and safety conditions in Pakistan require a long-term phased approach to be adopted. Stakeholders should be held accountable for putting a stop to rising aggression and terrorism (Oueijan, 2018) . Hence, after reviewing a number of theories and researches on conflict resolution, peace education is identified as a workable, long-term solution in conflict resolution, as it will not only help to overcome conflict, but also to identify the root cause of it. Furthermore, understanding of conflict resolution will help to develop critical skills and bring behavioral changes among individuals. The citizens will also be able to develop counter narratives that are based on tolerance and respect for all people, irrespective of their race, religion, gender and nationality (Cromwell, 2019) . Peace education in practice, also equips people with appropriate ","cbCaisyw51vizkSI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisyw51vizkSI","pdf",243788,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Conflict and the need for peace education\n## Pakistan context and national education policy\n## Current gaps in teacher training programs\n# Abstract\n## Study purpose and action research approach\n## Participant roles and key findings","[{\"question\":\"Why does the study emphasize peace education for conflict resolution?\",\"answer\":\"The study states that peace education helps individuals and society build social and cultural values, identify root causes of conflict, and develop skills and behavioral change for just resolution.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the action research in the B.Ed. (Hons) program designed?\",\"answer\":\"Students were the primary participants and teachers were secondary participants. The study used an intervention carried out over two cycles to evaluate changes in understanding and perceptions.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about peace education in the existing B.Ed. (Hons) curriculum?\",\"answer\":\"The findings indicate peace education was not included implicitly, nor implemented overtly or covertly in the curriculum before the intervention, and teachers and students lacked prior understanding.\"}]","An Initiative to Introduce Peace Education in B.Ed. (Hons) Program | PDF",1792082636,45]