[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-86184-en":3,"doc-seo-86184-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},86184,13056703019662,"Evangeline","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188",8,"Research & Report","An Empirical Study for GUI Test Migration from Android to OpenHarmony System","With mobile operating systems evolving rapidly, applications developed for Android are increasingly migrated to OpenHarmony, but validating them through GUI testing demands substantial engineering effort. The work introduces a systematic empirical study addressing the lack of OpenHarmony-specific solutions and evaluations. It builds the ATH Benchmark (36 commercial apps and 108 manually designed test cases), adapts ReSPlay and ITeM for OpenHarmony device-layer execution, and evaluates performance, failure root causes, and OpenHarmony-specific impacts. Results show low success rates and identify architecture and ecosystem traits as key blockers.","An Empirical Study for GUI Test Migration from Android to OpenHarmony System  \nYakun Zhang, Xinjia Chen, Yiyun Chen, Yuxia Zhang, Mingyi Zhou, Xiang Gao, Shaokun Zhang, Li Li,  \nYunming Ye  \narXiv :2607 . 1 1245v 1 [ cs . SE] 13 Jul 2026  \nAbstract—With the rapid evolution of mobile operating systems, an increasing number of popular applications originally developed for mature ecosystems such as Android are being migrated to emerging systems such as OpenHarmony. To reduce the substantial engineering effort required to test the corresponding applications from Android to OpenHarmony, migrating existing GUI test cases has become a critical problem. However, current research neither proposes solutions tailored for OpenHarmony nor provides a systematic evaluation of migration approaches on this system, leaving developers with limited empirical guidance in practice.  \nIn this paper, we present the first systematic empirical study of test migration from Android to OpenHarmony. Specifically, we first construct a dataset referred to as the Android-toOpenHarmony Benchmark (ATH Benchmark), comprising 36 popular commercial applications with an average of over 9 billion downloads, along with 108 manually designed test cases. Second, we select two state-of-the-art test migration approaches (i.e., ReSPlay and ITeM) and adapt these two approaches on device layer to enable their execution on OpenHarmony. Third, we use the preceding infrastructure to evaluate these two approaches from three perspectives, including testing performance, root causes of failures, and the impact of OpenHarmony characteristics. Our results reveal that existing test migration approaches are less effective (15% success-rate on ReSPlay and 26% success-rate on ITeM) in Android-to-OpenHarmony scenarios compared to migration from Android to other systems. Through an in-depth analysis of failed cases, we identify that test performance is primarily hindered by OpenHarmony-specific characteristics, including fundamental technical architecture differences and unique ecosystem traits. Utilizing these findings, we propose an enhanced approach based on ITeM, referred as ITeM-HM, which incorporates specific OpenHarmony system features. Asa result, ITeM-HM successfully achieves a 214% success-rate relative improvement over the original ITeM (from 26% to 81%). Our dataset and adapted approaches have been open-sourced on [https://anonymous.4open.science/r/GUI-Test-Migration/ for](https://anonymous.4open.science/r/GUI-Test-Migration/ for) future research.  \nIndex Terms—Mobile Application Test, Test Migration, OpenHarmony  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nIn recent years, mobile operating systems have continued to evolve, most notably with the emergence of HarmonyOS [1] .  \nYakun Zhang, Xinjia Chen, Yiyun Chen, Yunming Ye are with Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China (email: [zhangyk@hit.edu.cn](zhangyk@hit.edu.cn); Schrodinger [Jia@outlook.com](Jia@outlook.com); [yiyunchen299@gmail.com](yiyunchen299@gmail.com); yeyun[ming@hit.edu.cn](ming@hit.edu.cn))  \nYuxia Zhang is with Beijing Institute of Technology ,China (email: yuxi[azh@bit.edu.cn](azh@bit.edu.cn))  \nMingyi Zhou, Xiang Gao, Li Li are with Beihang University, China (email: [zhoumingyi@buaa.edu.cn](zhoumingyi@buaa.edu.cn); xiang [gao@buaa.edu.cn](gao@buaa.edu.cn); [lilicoding@ieee.org](lilicoding@ieee.org))  \nShaokun Zhang is with Peking University, China (email: [skzhang@pku.edu.cn](skzhang@pku.edu.cn))  \nHarmonyOS is a commercial operating system built on the OpenHarmony open-source system, integrating with closedsource components [1] . For ease of understanding, we use OpenHarmony as a general term to represent this ecosystem in the remainder of the paper. As a next-generation operating system, OpenHarmony aims to establish a unified and multidevice collaborative ecosystem [1] . It has rapidly grown into the world’s third-largest mobile operating system after Android and iOS [2], reaching over 17 million users by the end of 2025","cbCaise7KaSV9WuO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaise7KaSV9WuO","pdf",3295497,5,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Motivation for Android-to-OpenHarmony GUI test migration\n## Challenges and research gap\n# Empirical Study Design\n## ATH Benchmark construction\n## Approach adaptation for OpenHarmony\n## Evaluation perspectives and metrics\n# Results and Analysis\n## Success-rate comparison\n## Failure root-cause analysis\n## Impact of OpenHarmony characteristics\n# Proposed Enhancement\n## ITeM-HM approach and improvements","[{\"question\":\"Why is GUI test migration from Android to OpenHarmony challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Existing approaches rely on system-specific execution environments, APIs, and infrastructures, and OpenHarmony differs fundamentally in application frameworks and execution semantics. These differences prevent direct reuse of Android GUI test migration methods.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the ATH Benchmark used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"ATH Benchmark consists of 36 popular commercial applications (with an average of over 9 billion downloads) and 108 manually designed test cases to support empirical evaluation of migration strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"How effective were the evaluated migration approaches on Android-to-OpenHarmony scenarios?\",\"answer\":\"ReSPlay achieved a 15% success rate and ITeM achieved a 26% success rate, which is lower than in migrations from Android to other systems.\"}]",1784209198,33,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"an-empirical-study-for-gui-test-migration-from-android-to-openharmony-system","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-empirical-study-for-gui-test-migration-from-android-to-openharmony-system/86184/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-26","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why is GUI test migration from Android to OpenHarmony challenging?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Existing approaches rely on system-specific execution environments, APIs, and infrastructures, and OpenHarmony differs fundamentally in application frameworks and execution semantics. These differences prevent direct reuse of Android GUI test migration methods.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What is the ATH Benchmark used in the study?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"ATH Benchmark consists of 36 popular commercial applications (with an average of over 9 billion downloads) and 108 manually designed test cases to support empirical evaluation of migration strategies.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How effective were the evaluated migration approaches on Android-to-OpenHarmony scenarios?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"ReSPlay achieved a 15% success rate and ITeM achieved a 26% success rate, which is lower than in migrations from Android to other systems.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]