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Cell culture experiments suggest combustion byproducts can induce WGDs, and cancers show mutational signatures consistent with carcinogen exposure, linking environmental influences to racial disparities.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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investigate regarding cancers from Black patients?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It examines chromosome copy number changes, specifically whether tumors from self-reported Black patients show a higher frequency of whole-genome duplications (WGDs).","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do tumor WGDs differ between self-reported Black and white patients?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Tumors from self-reported Black patients are significantly more likely to exhibit WGDs, and this higher WGD frequency is observed across multiple cancer types.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What evidence links environmental exposures to WGDs?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The study reports that combustion byproducts can induce WGDs in cell culture, and cancers from self-reported Black patients show mutational signatures consistent with carcinogen 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\nAn elevated rate of whole-genome  \nduplications in cancers from Black patients  \nReceived: 8 December 2023  \n\n| Accepted: 11 September 2024 |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Check for updates |\n\nLeanne M. Brown 1,4, Ryan A. Hagenson 1,4, Tilen Koklič2, Iztok Urbančič2, Lu Qiao1, Janez Strancar 2,3,5 & Jason M. Sheltzer 1,5   \nIn the United States, Black individuals have higher rates of cancer mortality than any other racial group. Here, we examine chromosome copy number changes in cancers from more than 1800 self-reported Black patients. We find that tumors from self-reported Black patients are significantly more likely to exhibit whole-genome duplications (WGDs), a genomic event that enhances metastasis and aggressive disease, compared to tumors from self-reported white patients. This increase in WGD frequency is observed across multiple cancer types, including breast, endometrial, and lung cancer, and is associated with shorter patient survival. We further demonstrate that combustion byproducts are capable of inducing WGDs in cell culture, and cancers from self-reported Black patients exhibit mutational signatures consistent with exposure to these carcinogens. In total, these findings identify a type of genomic alteration that is associated with environmental exposures and that may influence racial disparities in cancer outcomes.  \nThe unequal landscape of healthcare outcomes in the United States, particularly among Black patients, demands immediate attention. Black patients face higher rates of chronic disease, higher incidence of preventable illness, and higher all-cause mortality compared to white patients1–4. These disparities are particularly evident within the field of oncology. For many cancer types, Black patients are diagnosed with more advanced or aggressive cancers than white patients5–7. Although cancer outcomes have drastically improved over the past several decades, Black patients continue to have higher rates of cancer-related death8–10. Mortality disparities are exacerbated within certain cancer types, including breast and endometrial cancers, in which Black patients exhibit 41% and 21% higher mortality, respectively, compared to white patients11–13. Uncovering the mechanisms that mediate these unequal outcomes could help identify prevention or treatment strategies that may aid those populations most at risk.  \nThe source of racial disparities in cancer outcomes is at present unresolved and may result from social, environmental, and genetic factors14–20. In the United States, Black individuals are more than twice as likely to live below the federal poverty line than white individuals, and lower socioeconomic status has been linked with decreased healthcare  \naccess and lower cancer screening rates21–25. In addition, people within economically-deprived communities have disproportionately higher rates of environmental carcinogen exposure, which may increase the risk of cancer development25,26. Within the healthcare system itself, Black patients received worse care compared to white patients in more than half of quality care metrics in the 2022 National Healthcare Quality and Disparity Report27. These findings extend to cancer-specific interventions, as Black patients experience more delays in chemotherapy induction for breast cancer treatment and are less likely to have adequate oncological resection for gastrointestinal cancers treated with curative intent surgery28,29.  \nIn addition to these social and environmental influenceson cancer mortality, recent research has raised the possibility that genetic differences between patient populations could affect the development and/or progression of cancer. To date, most population-based cancer profiling efforts have sought to investigate variability in the prevalence of somatic point mutations between racial and ethnic groups30–34. These studies have uncovered certain differences in the frequency","cbCaindlWbn25Gc9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaindlWbn25Gc9","pdf",2498726,18,"English","# Overview\n## Cancer mortality disparities and need for mechanisms\n## Limitations of prior genetic studies\n## Focus on chromosome copy number alterations and WGDs\n## Environmental exposures as a potential driver","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate regarding cancers from Black patients?\",\"answer\":\"It examines chromosome copy number changes, specifically whether tumors from self-reported Black patients show a higher frequency of whole-genome duplications (WGDs).\"},{\"question\":\"How do tumor WGDs differ between self-reported Black and white patients?\",\"answer\":\"Tumors from self-reported Black patients are significantly more likely to exhibit WGDs, and this higher WGD frequency is observed across multiple cancer types.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence links environmental exposures to WGDs?\",\"answer\":\"The study reports that combustion byproducts can induce WGDs in cell culture, and cancers from self-reported Black patients show mutational signatures consistent with carcinogen exposure.\"}]","An elevated rate of whole-genome duplications in cancers from Black patients | PDF",1789992610,45]