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The lagoon is described as a freshwater system with irregular seasonal inflow, limited outlets, and drying near the onset of the rainy season. The work outlines Porto Rico’s descriptive and geological context, examines the effects of dense population on wildlife, and details the lagoon’s eight plant associations plus a ninth nearby bamboo association.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-ecological-study-of-cartagena-lagoon-with-special-reference-to-the-birds-an-abstract-of-a-thesis/325261/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-ecological-study-of-cartagena-lagoon-with-special-reference-to-the-birds-an-abstract-of-a-thesis/325261.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What time period and location does the study cover?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study is based on field work in Porto Rico at Cartagena Lagoon during twenty months between 1921 and 1924. Eleven months of that time were devoted exclusively to biological work.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is Cartagena Lagoon characterized in the thesis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Cartagena Lagoon is described as a freshwater lake about a mile and a half long and half a mile wide, located in the southwestern corner of the island. It has an inlet only at times of infrequent rains and no outlet except at exceptionally high water.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How many bird species are reported for Cartagena Lagoon?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A total of 105 bird species are found at Cartagena Lagoon. Of these, 42 are migrants from North America, and another 42 breed there regularly or occasionally.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},325261,1790641164,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},4810365810221,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","97-84083-19Danforth,Stuart Taylor  \nAn ecological study ofCartagena Lagoon[lthaca,N.Y.?]  \n[1925]  \n# COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET  \nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \n308  \nDanforth,Stuart Taylor,1900-1938.…Al ecological study of Cartagena Lagoon,Porto Rico,vith special refererice to the birds…by Stuart T.Danforth …  t1925[thoce,N.Y.?i9541p.18 cm.  \n2  \nBox 279  \nAbstract of thesis(Ph。D.)Cornell aniversity,1325.  \nO  \not9  \n Reproductions may not be made without permission trom Columbia University Libraries.                  \n## RESTRICTIONS ON USE:\n\n# TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n\nFILM SIZE:          5mmREDUCTION RATIO:            9:/  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IACIA)  \nIB  \nIB  \nDATE FILMED:                   /.197 INITIALS:          TLM  \nTRACKING\\#:                                                                                                    24274  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n# BIBLIOGRAPHIC IRREGULARITIES\n\nMAIN ENTRY:Danforth,Stuart Taylor       …             ………  \n                                                                          8    998          \nAn ecological study of Cartagena Lagoon         …  \n-            ----   ---…  \nBibliographic Irregularities in the Original Document:  \nList all volumes and pages affected;include name of institution if filming borrowed text.  \n____Page(s)missing/not available:___  \n_Volume(s)missing/not available:_____  \nIllegible and/or damaged page(s):______  \n __Page(s)or volume(s)misnumbered:                           \n___Bound out of sequence:  \n ___Page(s)or volume(s)filmed from copy borrowed from:                  \nXunpaginated -[41 pagesay_____Other:_____  \n______Inserted material:                                        \n3  \n# An Ecological Studyof Cartagena LagoonPorto Rico\n\nwith  \n# Special Reference to the Birds\n\nAn Abstract of a THESIS  \nPresented to the Faculty  \nof The Graduate School  \nof Cornell University in  \nPartial Fulfillment of the  \nRequirements for the  \nDegree of  \nDoCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY  \n30  \n2  \n3x219  \nBy STU ART T.DAN FORTHAugust,1925  \n# An Ecological Studyof Cartagena LagoonPorto Rico\n\nwith  \n# Special Reference to the Birds\n\nAn Abstract of a THESIS  \nPresented to the Faculty  \nof The Graduate School  \nof Cornell University in  \nPartial Fulfllment of the  \nRequirements for the  \nDegree of  \nDocTOR OF PHILOSOPHY  \nBy STU ART T.DANFORTHAugust,1925  \n# CARTAGENA LAGOON,PORTO RICO\n\nWITH SPECIAL REFERENCE  \nTO THE BIRDS  \nThis paper is based on field work during twentymonths spent in Porto Rico between 1921 and 1924,eleven months of which was devoted exclusively to bio-logical work.Cartagena Lagoon,where the most inten-sive work was done,is at present the most importantwildfowl resort in Porto Rico.It is a fresh water lake amile and a half long and half a mile wide,situated in thesouthwestern corner of the island,and occupies a de-pression in the broad semi-arid valley of an extinct river,known to physiographers as the Yauco-Boquerón anti-clinal valley.It has an inlet only at times of the infre-quent rains and has no outlet except at times of exception-ally high water.Just before the beginning of the rainyseason it dries up more or less completely.  \nA general descriptive account of Porto Rico(pages6-9)and of its Geology(pages 9-10),PhysiographicHistory(pages 10-11)and\"Cimate(pages 11-14)aregiven.The effect of dense population on wild life is dis-cussed(pages 14-16).A description of Cartagena Lagoonis given on pages 17-24,and the rest of the paper is devotedto a discussion of its flora and fauna.The plants andplant associations of the lagoon are discussed on pages24-39,the lagoon being divided into eight plant associa-tions,known respectively as the Open Water,Cat-tail,Sedge,Grass,Pluckea,Open Field,Tachuelo and Varro-nia Associations.A ninth plant association,the Bamboo,is also included because of its proximity to the lagoon andbecause of the fact that many lagoon bir","cbCaibSeDe4Nauf4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibSeDe4Nauf4","pdf",311447,"English","# Introduction and Study Basis\n## Fieldwork Scope (1921–1924)\n# Site Description: Cartagena Lagoon\n## Physical Setting and Hydrology\n# Context in Porto Rico\n## Geology, Physiographic History, Climate\n# Ecology and Biodiversity\n## Flora and Plant Associations\n## Fauna Beyond Birds\n# Avifauna and Species Accounts\n## Migrants, Breeding Birds, and Marsh Dependence","[{\"question\":\"What time period and location does the study cover?\",\"answer\":\"The study is based on field work in Porto Rico at Cartagena Lagoon during twenty months between 1921 and 1924. Eleven months of that time were devoted exclusively to biological work.\"},{\"question\":\"How is Cartagena Lagoon characterized in the thesis?\",\"answer\":\"Cartagena Lagoon is described as a freshwater lake about a mile and a half long and half a mile wide, located in the southwestern corner of the island. It has an inlet only at times of infrequent rains and no outlet except at exceptionally high water.\"},{\"question\":\"How many bird species are reported for Cartagena Lagoon?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 105 bird species are found at Cartagena Lagoon. Of these, 42 are migrants from North America, and another 42 breed there regularly or occasionally.\"}]","An Ecological Study of Cartagena Lagoon - With Special Reference to the Birds - An Abstract of a Thesis | PDF",1789970066,23]