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Strong universities act as central knowledge suppliers, whereas resource-limited institutions occupy peripheral positions, producing a centre–periphery imbalance that challenges higher education systems. For developing regions such as Africa, internationalisation is a strategy for socioeconomic development, yet it often leaves relationships asymmetrical, unethical, and unequal, creating unintended consequences and new problems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-appraisal-of-the-internationalisation-of-higher-education-in-sub-saharan-africa/597997/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-appraisal-of-the-internationalisation-of-higher-education-in-sub-saharan-africa/597997.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the centre–periphery dichotomy in higher education internationalisation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It describes how internationalisation tends to privilege stronger, better-resourced universities as central knowledge suppliers while placing weaker institutions at the periphery as consumers of knowledge.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the paper focus particularly on Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Africa is presented as a developing region where higher education is important for socioeconomic development, and where internationalisation has continued to produce peripheral and unequal relationships.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What unintended consequences and challenges are highlighted for internationalisation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The text highlights issues such as brain drain, changes in cultural values, commodification of higher education, and persistent inequality between universities in the global north and south.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},597997,1792252568,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","An Appraisal of the Internationalisation of Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa  \nSintayehu Kassaye Alemu1  \n• Over the past decades, the development of the internationalisation of higher education has revised the conceptual framework of higher education, enhanced its scope, scale and importance, and transformed its world, as well as reshaping relationships between countries. More powerful universities play a central role and are suppliers of knowledge, whereas weaker institutions and systems with fewer resources and lower academic standards occupy a peripheral position and are consumers. The centre-periphery dichotomy in the internationalisation of higher education undoubtedly presents considerable challenges to the higher education institutions of the peripheries. For developing regions like Africa, higher education is an important instrument for socioeconomic development, and one of the strategies to improve and qualify higher education is internationalisation. In spite of various attempts to enhance the benefits of internationalisation, African higher education has continued to be peripheral, with relationships remaining asymmetrical, unethical and unequal. Along with some positive benefits, internationalisation has brought complicated implications and new challenges, such asthe brain drain, cultural values, the commodification of higher education, the persistence of inequality between global north-south universities, and so on. The purpose of the present paper is to highlight the challenges and unintended consequences of the internationalisation of higher education, with a particular focus on Africa.  \nKeywords: higher education, internationalisation, centre, periphery, challenges, Sub-Saharan Africa  \n1 Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Sintayehu.Alemu@pef.uni-lj.si  \nPresoja internacionalizacije v visokem šolstvu v podsaharski Afriki  \nSintayehu Kassaye Alemu  \n• V zadnjih desetletjih je razvoj internacionalizacije visokega šolstvarevidiral konceptualne okvire visokega šolstva, okrepil njegov obsegin pomembnost, preoblikoval njegov svet in odnose med državami. Vplivnejše univerze pri tem igrajo osrednjo vlogo in so ponudnice znanja, medtem ko šibkejše ustanove in sistemi z manj sredstvi in nižjimi akademskimi standardi zavzemajo obrobno vlogo in so uporabniki tega znanja. Dihotomija centra in periferije v internacionalizaciji visokega šolstva nesporno predstavlja velik izziv ustanovam na periferiji. Za regije v razvoju, kot je Afrika, je visoko šolstvo pomemben instrument pri družbeno-ekonomskem razvoju, ena izmed strategij za izboljšanje in zvišanje kakovosti visokega šolstva pa je prav internacionalizacija. Kljubrazličnim poskusom, da bi povečali učinke internacionalizacije, ostajaafriško visoko šolstvo periferno, razmerja pa še vedno nesimetrična, neetična in neenakopravna. Poleg nekaterih pozitivnih učinkov je internacionalizacija prinesla tudi zapletene posledice in nove probleme, kot so: beg možganov, sprememba kulturnih vrednot, komodifikacija visokega šolstva, ohranjanje neenakosti med univerzami v razmerju severa in juga idr. Namen prispevka je, da osvetli probleme in nepredvidene posledice internacionalizacije visokega šolstva s posebnim osredinjenjem na Afriko.  \nKljučne besede: visoko šolstvo, internacionalizacija, osrednji izzivi, obrobni izzivi, podsaharska Afrika  \nIntroduction  \nAfrica is one of the vast continents of the world, and its higher education has been connected to the Western system through the colonial bond established since the 18th century. Higher education institutions in Africa were therefore internationalised from an earlier period.  \nIn Europe, with the exception of Neave (1997), Scott (1998) and few others, who consider the supposed medieval origins ofthe internationalisation of the university as ‘’inaccurate” and “internationalist rhetoric”, scholars regard the internationalisation of higher education as being rooted to the middle ages. There is a medieval mo","cbCaivsPpCq6nFXC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivsPpCq6nFXC","pdf",152056,"English","# Introduction\n## Historical phases of higher education internationalisation\n## Major approaches to internationalisation","[{\"question\":\"What is the centre–periphery dichotomy in higher education internationalisation?\",\"answer\":\"It describes how internationalisation tends to privilege stronger, better-resourced universities as central knowledge suppliers while placing weaker institutions at the periphery as consumers of knowledge.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper focus particularly on Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa?\",\"answer\":\"Africa is presented as a developing region where higher education is important for socioeconomic development, and where internationalisation has continued to produce peripheral and unequal relationships.\"},{\"question\":\"What unintended consequences and challenges are highlighted for internationalisation?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights issues such as brain drain, changes in cultural values, commodification of higher education, and persistent inequality between universities in the global north and south.\"}]","An Appraisal of the Internationalisation of Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa | PDF",1792086106]