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Conditionality is widely regarded as a challenging area of English for both teachers and learners because the two clauses differ in form, tense, and meaning. Non-native speakers may also lack knowledge of cross-linguistic differences and may rely on their native language. This study analyses Arab students’ use of conditional sentences in semantic and syntactic contexts using questionnaire data from 20 Coventry University students across bachelor, master, and PhD levels.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/an-analysis-of-use-of-conditional-sentences-by-arab-students-of-english-paper/589686/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/an-analysis-of-use-of-conditional-sentences-by-arab-students-of-english-paper/589686.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are conditional sentences made of according to the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They consist of two clauses: an if-clause (if-clause) and a main clause (main clause). The if-clause sets the condition, and the main clause expresses the result.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are conditional sentences difficult for learners?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The two clauses vary in form, tense, and meaning, and non-native speakers may not understand differences between their first language and English, leading to incorrect usage.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the results indicate about students’ difficulties?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study found that type three conditionals and modality are among the most difficult issues students struggle to understand and use.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},589686,1792192919,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Advances in Language and Literary Studies ISSN: 2203-4714  \nVol. 8 No. 2; April 2017  \n Australian International Academic Centre, Australia  \n\n|  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  | Flourishing Creativity & Literacy |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nAn Analysis of Use of conditional Sentences by Arab Students of English  \nSadam Haza' Al Rdaat  \nCoventry University, United Kingdom  \nE-mail: [saddamhazzaa@gmail.com](saddamhazzaa@gmail.com)  \nDoi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.1  \nURL: [http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.1](http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.1)  \nReceived: 04/01/2017  \nAccepted: 17/02/2017  \nAbstract  \nConditional sentences are made of two clauses namely “if-clause” and “main clause”. Conditionals have been noted by scholars and grammarians as a difficult area of English for both teachers and learners. The two clauses of conditional sentences and their form, tense and meaning could be considered the main difficulty of conditional sentences. In addition, some of non-native speakers do not have sufficient knowledge of the differences between conditional sentences in the two languages and they tried to solve their problems in their second language by using their native language. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of conditional sentences by Arab students of English in semantic and syntactic situations. For the purpose of this study, 20 Arab students took part in the questionnaire, they were all studying different subjects and degrees (bachelor, master and PhD) at Coventry University. The results showed that the use of type three conditionals and modality can be classified as the most difficult issues that students struggle to understand and use.  \nKeywords: conditional sentences, protasis and apodosis, mood, real and unreal clauses, tense-time  \n1. Introduction  \nIn the last few decades, scholars and researchers have broadly debated conditionality. They have essentially concentrated on philosophy and then progressively moved onto linguistics. According to Traugott et al (1986), linguistic studies suppose that every language has a theory of forming conditional sentences. These conditionals are expressed in various ways which differ from language to language (Sultan 2011) . Many scholars have discussed what conditional sentences mean, their structures, the main aims for enhancing them and how they can be acquired. Further research about conditional sentences may find some method by which to acquire them easily and simply.  \n1.1 Background to the Topic  \nThis section gives a background of English and Arabic conditional sentences. English conditionals are considered complex, both cognitively and linguistically, and they can have a lot of different meanings that are conveyed using different forms. In addition, semantic and syntactic difficulties are considered the main obstacles for NNSs trying to acquire conditional sentences (Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freedman 1999) . Learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) encounter a big obstacle in acquiring conditionals. According to Norris (2003) and Ramires (2005), the difficulty of conditionals goes back to the reliance of one situation on the fulfilment of another. There are different possible meanings of conditional sentences, such as cognitive reasoning, counterfactual, possible and impossible, real and unreal, and hypothetical (ibid) . More specifically, forms, meanings and time-tense relationships cause the major difficulties in conditional sentences (Nekoueizadeh and Bahrani 2013) . On the other hand, Arabic conditionals are simple and easy to produce, while they become more difficult when they shift to conveying complex meanings.  \nConditional clauses and if-clauses are other terms related to conditional sentences. Conditional sentences in both languages (English and Arabic) contain two clauses: an if-clause (subordinate clause or protasis) that consists of a condition and a main clause (result clause or apodosis) that consists of a proposition (Teschn","cbCaitxLdr23ShpW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitxLdr23ShpW","pdf",483022,13,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1 Background to the Topic\n# 2. Literature Review\n## 2.1 Conditional Sentences in English\n## 2.1.1 Previous Studies","[{\"question\":\"What are conditional sentences made of according to the study?\",\"answer\":\"They consist of two clauses: an if-clause (if-clause) and a main clause (main clause). The if-clause sets the condition, and the main clause expresses the result.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are conditional sentences difficult for learners?\",\"answer\":\"The two clauses vary in form, tense, and meaning, and non-native speakers may not understand differences between their first language and English, leading to incorrect usage.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results indicate about students’ difficulties?\",\"answer\":\"The study found that type three conditionals and modality are among the most difficult issues students struggle to understand and use.\"}]","An Analysis of Use of conditional Sentences by Arab Students of English - Paper | PDF",1792067925,33]