[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-602790-en":59,"doc-seo-602790-105":81},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":72,"language":73,"language_code":74,"site_id":75,"html_lang":74,"table_of_contents":76,"faqs":77,"seo_title":78,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":79,"read_time":80},602790,3985747860484,"dabgoudw","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","AN ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE MODELS OF RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES IN SELECTED COUNTRIES - Lessons Learned","This paper analyzes governance models of research universities across four western countries: the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France. A conceptual framework guides the review of scholarly work on higher-education governance and identifies defining features of each country’s research-university governance structure. Common findings include clearly defined responsibilities across governance components, a distinct separation between business affairs and academic work, strong collaboration among governance entities, and sustained respect for academic freedom and institutional independence.","AN ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE MODELS OF RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES IN SELECTED COUNTRIES:  \nLESSONS LEARNED  \nHONG YING XIAO  \nTsinghua University, China  \nTAK CHEUNG CHAN  \nKennesaw State University, U.S.A.  \nABSTRACT  \nThe purpose of this paper is to identify the special features of the governance structures of research universities in four western countries: the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and France. Conceptual framework was laid out as groundwork of the paper. Scholarly work of known authors in higher education governance was reviewed with major features of the governance of the research universities of these countries identified and discussed with reflection of the conceptual framework. It was found in common that major research universities have (1) governance structure with responsibilities of components specifically defined; (2) distinct separation of business affairs and academic work; (3) good collaboration among the entities of their governance structure; and (4) great respect for academic freedom and independence.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nResearch universities worldwide are operated under different structures of governance. Many models of governance are reflective of the culture and tradition of their own countries. Their systems of governance are also established around the significance and the essence of the political needs of their countries. As a result of these considerations, modern research universities of different countries have displayed specific features of their own which could serve as excellent examples for other countries to learn. Bleiklie and Kogan (2007) claimed that research universities started early in Europe and North America with well-established structures of governance. The historical tradition and subsequent development of the governance of these universities offer much pioneering experiences to be shared. Therefore, in this paper, the governance structures of research universities in four western countries (the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and France) are identified and the essence of their governance is examined through reviewing the work of known higher education scholars on governance structure. The special features of the governance structure of research universities in each of the countries are recognized. The conceptual framework provides a background of the philosophical and theoretical concepts that support the review. The significant results of the review are reported with analytical summaries of research universities in each of the four countries. Implications and discussions are made with the major features of the governance of research universities as a reflection of the conceptual framework. The paper concludes with highlighting the lessons learned from the research university governance of the four countries.  \nPURPOSE OF THE ANALYSIS  \nThis paper involves a discussion of the systems of governance in research universities in four selected western countries: the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and France. The purpose of this paper is to examine the special features of the governance systems of research universities in these  \nEducational Planning 2020 17 Vol. 27, No. 1  \nfour countries. Among these special features, some common characteristics can be drawn. It is hope that the review and analysis of materials provided in this study could be helpful to other developing and/or existing research universities to plan for their structures of governance.  \nCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK  \nPhilosophical Concepts  \nSearching for knowledge and serving politics  \nThe mission for the development of higher education has been argued for a long time. The scholastic point of view seems to lean toward the priority of searching for the advancement of knowledge indifferent academic fields. Thus, all the faculty members of the universities are required to demonstrate their scholarly performance in addition to their capability to assume their teaching duties (Braxton, 1996) . 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