[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331385-105":59,"doc-detail-331385-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","amplified-centrosomesmore-than-just-a-threat","Amplified centrosomes—more than just a threat","","Centrosomes are key organizers of the tubulin-based cytoskeleton, with roles spanning structure, biogenesis, and function from single cells to tissue homeostasis and human disease. Centrosome abnormalities connect to disorders including primary microcephaly, birth defects, ciliopathies, and tumorigenesis. Centrosome amplification in G1 correlates with cancer karyotype changes, aggressiveness, and lymph node metastasis. Yet extra centrosomes also occur in healthy tissues and support multi-ciliation and physiological functions. This review compares established and emerging non-canonical functions of amplified centrosomes in cancerous and somatic cells, focusing on cellular physiology.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/amplified-centrosomesmore-than-just-a-threat/331385/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/amplified-centrosomesmore-than-just-a-threat/331385.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rowan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is centrosome amplification and when does it occur in the cell cycle?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Centrosome amplification is a state in which two or more centrosomes are present in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In cancer, it correlates with karyotype alterations, clinical aggressiveness, and lymph node metastasis.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How can amplified centrosomes be linked to tumorigenesis and genetic instability?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review explains that increased centrosome numbers can disrupt the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis, contributing to genetic instability and aneuploidy that supports tumor progression. It also discusses links to chromosomal instability and poor prognosis.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why are amplified centrosomes not always a threat?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Amplified centrosomes can appear in healthy tissues and are involved in physiological processes such as multi-ciliation. The example given is the liver, where hepatocytes carry amplified centrosomes due to whole-genome duplication events during organogenesis, and findings also support roles in neuronal and hematopoietic cell functions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},331385,1790194403,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","Review Article  \nAmplified centrosomes—more than just a threat  \nEva Kiermaier 1 ✉ , Isabel Stötzel1, Marina A Schapfl2 & Andreas Villunger 2,3 ✉  \nAbstract  \nCentrosomes are major organizing components of the tubulinbased cytoskeleton. In recent years, we have gained extensive knowledge about their structure, biogenesis, and function from single cells, cell–cell interactions to tissue homeostasis, including their role in human diseases. Centrosome abnormalities are linked to, among others primary microcephaly, birth defects, ciliopathies, and tumorigenesis. Centrosome amplification, a state where two or more centrosomes are present in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, correlates in cancer with karyotype alterations, clinical aggressiveness, and lymph node metastasis. However, amplified centrosomes also appear in healthy tissues and, independent of their established role, in multi-ciliation. One example is the liver where hepatocytes carry amplified centrosomes owing to whole-genome duplication events during organogenesis. More recently, amplified centrosomes have been found in neuronal progenitors and several cell types of hematopoietic origin in which they enhance cellular effector functions. These findings suggest that extra centrosomes do not necessarily pose a risk for genome integrity and are harnessed for physiological processes. Here, we compare established and emerging ‘non-canonical functions’ of amplified centrosomes in cancerous and somatic cells and discuss their role in cellular physiology.  \nKeywords Centrosomes; Cancer; Migration; Differentiation; Immunity Subject Categories Cancer; Cell Adhesion, Polarity & Cytoskeleton  \n[https://doi.org/10.1038/s44319-024-00260-0](https://doi.org/10.1038/s44319-024-00260-0)  \nReceived 19 April 2024; Revised 5 July 2024; Accepted 28 August 2024  \nPublished online: 16 September 2024  \nIntroduction  \nThe centrosome is a membrane-less organelle, which acts as the main organizer of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton in most animal cells. Owing to their capacity to grow MT filaments, they orchestrate various fundamental cellular processes, such as cell division, vesicle trafficking, cell polarization, motility, and ciliogenesis. During these processes, centrosomes direct the MT cytoskeleton to provide internal structural support, regulation of cell shape and polarity, as well as trafficking routes on which vesicular cargos are transported.  \nFirst described in 1876 by Édouard van Beneden, the centrosome attracted much attention due to its role in assembling the  \nmitotic spindle, which separates the duplicated sister chromatids into the daughter cells. In 1887, Theodor Boveri’s drawings of dividing sea-urchin eggs first associated centrosome abnormalities with tumorigenesis. In particular, increased centrosome numbers, or so-called centrosome amplification (CA), can interfere with the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis and contribute to genetic instability, aneuploidy, and tumor progression. Since, amplified centrosomes have been identified in various solid tumors such as breast, prostate, colon, ovarian and pancreatic cancer (Lingle et al, 1998; Pihan et al, 1998; Hsu et al, 2005; Sato et al, 1999) as well as hematological malignancies (Krämer et al, 2005; Giehl et al, 2005) . CA has also been implicated in contributing to chromosomal instability (CIN), metastasis, and poor clinical prognosis of cancer patients (Pihan et al, 2003, 1998; Sato et al, 1999; Krämer et al, 2005) .  \nDuring the past decade, several studies have further investigated the molecular links between CA, CIN, and tumorigenesis. Boveri initially proposed that CA-mediated malignant tumors are the result ‘of a certain abnormal chromosome constitution, which in some circumstances can be generated by multipolar mitoses ’ (Boveri, 2008) . This hypothesis was questioned by David Hansemann, who reported abnormal mitotic figures and distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells in carcinomas, but stated that asymmetric nucl","cbCaidFGI3sN0buA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidFGI3sN0buA","pdf",1447077,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Centrosomes and cytoskeleton organization\n## Historical links to tumorigenesis\n## Debate over causality between amplification and cancer\n## Connections to chromosomal instability and prognosis\n## Model system evidence and confounding factors\n## Centrosome amplification in non-cancer diseases","[{\"question\":\"What is centrosome amplification and when does it occur in the cell cycle?\",\"answer\":\"Centrosome amplification is a state in which two or more centrosomes are present in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In cancer, it correlates with karyotype alterations, clinical aggressiveness, and lymph node metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"How can amplified centrosomes be linked to tumorigenesis and genetic instability?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains that increased centrosome numbers can disrupt the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis, contributing to genetic instability and aneuploidy that supports tumor progression. It also discusses links to chromosomal instability and poor prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are amplified centrosomes not always a threat?\",\"answer\":\"Amplified centrosomes can appear in healthy tissues and are involved in physiological processes such as multi-ciliation. The example given is the liver, where hepatocytes carry amplified centrosomes due to whole-genome duplication events during organogenesis, and findings also support roles in neuronal and hematopoietic cell functions.\"}]","Amplified centrosomes—more than just a threat | PDF",1789993077,38]