[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-38746-en":3,"doc-seo-38746-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},38746,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",8,"Research & Report","American Torture from the Philippines to Iraq","American Torture from the Philippines to Iraq: A Recurring Nightmare examines how torture has persisted across U.S. wars and policy frameworks, challenging the notion of a stable moral or legal boundary against it. It traces arguments and justifications used from the Philippine-American War through Vietnam and into the twenty-first-century War on Terror. The book evaluates interrogation methods described as “nasty” yet “safe,” and addresses liberal-democratic explanations, including unanswered questions and future implications.","American Torture from the Philippines to Iraq  \nAmerican Torture from  \nthe Philippines to Iraq ARecurring Nightmare  \nWILLIAM L . D’AMBRUOSO  \n1  \n3  \nOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthersthe University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.  \nPublished in the United States of America by Oxford University Press  \n198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.  \n© Oxford University Press 2022  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted bylaw, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.  \nYou must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.  \nLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2021947725 ISBN 978–0–19–757032–6  \nDOI: 10. 1093/oso/9780197570326.001.0001  \n1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2  \nPrinted by Integrated Books International, United States of America  \nContents  \nAcknowledgements vii  \n1. Torture and the Norm against It: Undying Rivals 1  \n2. Liberal-Democratic Torture: Answered and Unanswered  \nQuestions 13  \n3. The Search for “Nasty” but “Safe” Interrogation Methods 35  \n4. Justifying Torture in the Philippine-American War 57  \n5. The Roots and Rationalizations of U.S. Torture in Vietnam 89  \n6. Twenty-First-Century Torture: The War on Terror 125  \n7. Conclusion: Takeaways, Scope, and Torture's Future 159  \nNotes 175  \nReferences 185  \nIndex 203  \nAcknowledgements  \nI have accumulated no shortage of debts in writing this book. What follows is only a partial list.  \nMany of my mentors and colleagues at the University of Washington, my graduate school alma mater, deserve special mention. Beth Kier was the project’s first and most consistent champion. Her early encouragement, persistent enthusiasm, and vision proved invaluable. Jon Mercer’s detailed comments on several underdeveloped drafts, along with plenty of discussion time, improved my work and made graduate school life more enjoyable. I puzzled through the project’s ideas with Jamie Mayerfeld, who helped me outline the limits of my arguments and take seriously the ethical implications. Chris Adolph and Jim Caporaso showed me how my approach was more compatible with other perspectives than I had realized. Beth and Jon’s University of Washington International Security Colloquium (UWISC) was a fantastic atmosphere for trying out ideas, and the UWISC regulars provided excellent feedback when I presented on parts of the project. Following my presentation, a lengthy discussion with Stephan Hamberg helped me clarify the book’s central claims. Many other colleagues at UW, too numerous to name, had a hand in moving the project forward.  \nI owe special thanks to archivists at the National Archives, the National Security Archives, and the U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center, as well as the kind hosts that put me up in Washington, D.C., and Carlisle, PA, for many days. Marlea Leljedal and Christopher Einolf sent me materials that I had previously overlooked.  \nMy colleagues at Bates College, where I taught after UW, cheered on my writing progress, and some of the feedback during my job talk there carried over into the final product. Leslie Hill and Stephen Engel showed me how feminist theorizing complemented my explanations. Jim Richter, Jason Scheideman, and Jiyoung Ko kept my mind on international politics, and Nina Hagel fueled me with words of encouragement, professional advice, and baked goods.  \nThe book’s post-dissertation life got a m","cbCaipPzRKFnmWUb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipPzRKFnmWUb","pdf",7459135,1,225,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## Acknowledgements\n## Torture and the Norm against It: Undying Rivals\n## Liberal-Democratic Torture: Answered and Unanswered Questions\n## The Search for “Nasty” but “Safe” Interrogation Methods\n## Justifying Torture in the Philippine-American War\n## The Roots and Rationalizations of U.S. Torture in Vietnam\n## Twenty-First-Century Torture: The War on Terror\n## Conclusion: Takeaways, Scope, and Torture's Future\n## Notes\n## References\n## Index","[{\"question\":\"What central theme does the book develop about torture in U.S. contexts?\",\"answer\":\"The book argues that torture has remained persistent across different conflicts and justifying 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