[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-38381-en":3,"doc-seo-38381-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},38381,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",8,"Research & Report","American Torture: From the Cold War to Abu Ghraib and Beyond","American Torture examines how torture practices developed and were institutionalized in U.S. contexts from the Cold War era to Abu Ghraib and later. Through structured chapters, it traces the creation of psychological and procedural methods, the codification of cruelty, and shifting legal and administrative frameworks that shaped detention and interrogation. The book foregrounds documented testimonies and accumulated evidence, including a glossary of acronyms and referenced sources, to connect policy, training, and human harm across multiple eras.","FROM THE COLD WAR TO ABU GHRAIB AND BEYOND  \nMICHAEL OTTERMAN  \nMELBOURNE UNIVERSITY PRESS  \nAn imprint of Melbourne University Publishing Ltd  \n187 Grattan Street, Carlton,Victoria 3053,Australia [mup-info@unimelb.edu.au](mup-info@unimelb.edu.au)  \n[www.mup.com.au](www.mup.com.au)  \nFirst published 2007  \nText © Michael Otterman 2007  \nDesign and typography © Melbourne University Publishing Ltd 2007  \nThis book is copyright.Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent amendments, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means or process whatsoever without the prior written permission of the publishers.  \nCover design by Peter Long Text design by Sandra Nobes  \nTypeset in Bembo 11.75/14 pt by Midland Typesetters, Australia Printed in Australia by Griffin Press, SA  \nNational Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data:  \nOtterman, Michael.  \nAmerican torture: from the cold war to Abu Ghraib and beyond.  \nBibliography.  \nISBN 9780522853339.  \nISBN 0 522 85333 1.  \n1. Hicks, David, 1975–. 2. Habib, Mamdouh—Interviews.  \n3.Torture—United States. 4.Torture—Government policy  \n—United States. 5. Prisoners of war—Abuse of—United States. I. Title.  \n323.490973  \nFor my parents  \nCONTENTS  \nList of Acronyms viii In Their Own Words 1  \n1 A Climate of Fear 14  \n2 Stress Inoculation 28  \n3 Codifying Cruelty 42  \n4 The Phoenix Factor 59  \n5 In America’s Backyard 73  \n6 The Human Cost 88  \n7 Alive and Legal 99  \n8 The Gloves Come Off, Part I 117  \n9 Guantánamo 137  \n10 The Gloves Come Off, Part II 161  \nThe Dual State 181  \nAppendix I: Human Resource Exploitation  \nTraining Manual – 1983 200  \nNotes 216  \nBibliography 249  \nIndex 273  \nAcknowledgements 286  \nLIST OF ACRONYMS  \nABC Australian Broadcasting Company  \nACLU American Civil Liberties Union  \nAPA American Psychological Association  \nASIO Australian Security and Intelligence  \nOrganisation BSCT Behavioral Science Consultation Team  \nCAT UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel,  \nInhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CDRB Canadian Defence Research Board  \nCI counterintelligence  \nCIA Central Intelligence Agency  \nCID Criminal Investigation Division  \nCITF Criminal Investigation Task Force  \nCT counter-terror  \nCTC Counterterrorism Center  \nDDD debility, dependency and dread  \nDHA Defence Housing Authority  \nDHS Defense Human Intelligence Service  \nDIA Defense Intelligence Agency  \nDOD Department of Defense  \nDOJ Department of Justice  \nEPW Enemy Prisoner of War  \nFBI Federal Bureau of Investigation  \nFM Field Manual  \nFOIA Freedom of Information Act  \nList of Acronym s ix  \nGPC Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of  \nCivilian Persons in Time of War  \nGPW Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of  \nPrisoners of War GVN government of Vietnam  \nICC International Criminal Court  \nICE Interrogation Control Element  \nICRC International Committee of the Red Cross  \nINDUMIL Industrias Militares  \nIPA International Police Academy  \nITT International Telephone and Telegraph Company  \nIVS International Voluntary Services  \nJIG Joint Interrogation Group  \nJTF GTMO Joint Task Force Guantánamo KLA Kosovo Liberation Army  \nKGB Commmittee for State Security  \nKSM Khalid Sheikh Mohammed  \nLEA law enforcement agencies  \nLET Lashkar eTayyiba  \nLSD lysergic acid diethylamide  \nLTC Lieutenant Colonel  \nMCA Military Commissions Act of 2006  \nMI military intelligence  \nMP military police  \nMRE Meals Ready to Eat  \nMTT Mobile Training Team  \nNIC National Interrogation Center  \nNKVD People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs NSC National Security Council  \nOLC Office of Legal Counsel  \nOPS Office of Public Safety  \nPIC Provincial Interrogation Center  \nPRU Provincial Reconnaissance Unit  \nPUC Person Under Control  \nR2I Resistance to Interrogation  \nRTL Resistance Training Laboratory  \nSAP Special Access Program  \nSEAL US Navy Sea, Air, Land Special Forces  \nSERE Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape  \nx Lis","cbCaihxi6HCSj7Gu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihxi6HCSj7Gu","pdf",2761426,1,294,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## List of Acronyms\n## In Their Own Words\n## A Climate of Fear\n## Stress Inoculation\n## Codifying Cruelty\n## The Phoenix Factor\n## In America’s Backyard\n## The Human Cost\n## Alive and Legal\n## The Gloves Come Off, Part I\n## Guantánamo\n## The Gloves Come Off, Part II\n## The Dual State\n## Appendix I: Human Resource Exploitation\n## Training Manual – 1983\n## Notes\n## Bibliography\n## Index\n## Acknowledgements","[{\"question\":\"What historical scope does the book cover?\",\"answer\":\"The book traces torture practices from the Cold War through Abu Ghraib and beyond, using a chapter-by-chapter progression of events and policies.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book present evidence?\",\"answer\":\"It includes named firsthand testimony in sections such as “In Their Own Words,” alongside structured references, notes, and a bibliography.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the “List of Acronyms” in the book?\",\"answer\":\"The list defines many government, military, and legal acronyms used throughout the narrative, helping readers interpret the organizations and terms referenced in the discussion of detention and interrogation.\"}]",1783061977,741,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":27},"american-torture-from-the-cold-war-to-abu-ghraib-and-beyond","",{"@graph":35,"@context":85},[36,53,68],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/american-torture-from-the-cold-war-to-abu-ghraib-and-beyond/38381/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-07","2026-07-03",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What historical scope does the book cover?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The book traces torture practices from the Cold War through Abu Ghraib and beyond, using a chapter-by-chapter progression of events and policies.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the book present evidence?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It includes named firsthand testimony in sections such as “In Their Own Words,” alongside structured references, notes, and a bibliography.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What is the purpose of the “List of Acronyms” in the book?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The list defines many government, military, and legal acronyms used throughout the narrative, helping readers interpret the organizations and terms referenced in the discussion of detention and interrogation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]